248 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



Diseases of Vegetables — Continued 



May, 1912 



PLANT SYMPTOMS 



Cucumber. . Plants wilt down rapidly 



Lettuce .... Sudden wilting of plants, espe- 

 cially in greenhouses 



Onion Wilted plants, gray mildew on 



leaves 



Onion Black pustules on leaves and 



bulbs 



Potato Scabby tubers. 



Potato Leaves spotted and blackened 



Tubers show dry rot 



Potato Small brown spots showing con 



centric rings on leaves 



Potato Falling over and wilting of tops 



Tubers show brown ring at 

 cutting across stem end 



Tomato Numerous minute angular spots 



on leaves 



Turnip Plants stunted and unhealthy. 



the roots much deformed 

 Turnip Soft slimy rot of root 



Sweet potato In seedlings black spots on roots 

 and stems. Badly rotted old 

 roots 



Squash Plants wilting down rapidly 



Squash Yellow leaves, later drying up. . . 



TIME 



CONTROL MEASURES 



REMARKS 



Throughout 

 growing 

 season . . . 



Throughout 



growing sea- 

 son 



When plants 

 are half 

 grown to 

 time of 

 maturity . 



Throughout 

 season . . . 



During grow 

 ing season 



About 

 blooming 

 time Aug. 

 and Sept. 



Throughout 

 season . . . 



Throughout 

 season . . . 



About mid- 

 summer. . 



During sea- 

 son 



In autumn . 



Growingsea- 

 son 



Growing sea- 

 son 



Summer. . . . 



Wilt (bacte- 

 rial) 



Drop. . . 



Mildew. 



Smut 



Scab 



Late blight 



Early blight 

 Dry-rot .... 



Leaf -spot. . . 



Club root. . . 



Sof t - r o t 



(bacterial) 



Black-rot. . . 



Wilt (bacte- 

 rial) 



Downy mil- 

 dew 



Destroy striped cucumber beetles, or spray 

 with bordeaux 5-5-50, to drive beetles out. 



Steam sterilize soil to depth of two inches or 

 more 



Spray with bordeaux 5-5-50, begin when 

 plants show three leaves 



Practice crop rotation. Drill into rows when 

 planting seed, sulphur and lime, equal parts 

 or formalin solution 



Treat tubers before cutting in formalin solu- 

 tion, 1 pt. to 30 gal. water for 2 hours 



Spray with bordeaux 5-5-50. Begin when 

 plants are six inches high and repeat even- 

 ten days. Lse clean tubers 



Spray as for late blight. 



Select seed which shows no brown ring, treat 

 as for scab and plant in clean soil 



Spray with bordeaux 5-5-50 every week or 

 ten days from time plants are set out 



Same as for club root of cabbage above . 



Plant resistant varieties; practice crop ro- 

 tation 



Practice rotation of crops . Avoid diseased 

 roots as seed 



Spray with bordeaux 5-5-50, to drive away 



insects on vines 



Spray as for downy mildew of cucumbers 



Gather and burn all wilted leaves 

 and vines at once. 



If sterilization not feasible, use 

 clean soil. 



Repeat spraying every ten days. 

 Add sticker to spray. 



Onions from sets planted in 

 clean soil rarely suffer. 



Plant in clean soil. Avoid for 

 several years diseased land. 

 Do not lime potato land. 



Make about seven applications. 



Plant resistant varieties. 



Burn all diseased and discarded 

 tubers. 



Stake and tie up When setting 



out seedlings pinch off lower 



leaves. 

 Application of lime several years 



ahead of planting best. 

 White turnip more susceptible 



than yellow. 

 Have dry conditions in storage. 



Gather and burn all wilted leaves 



and vines at once. 

 Destroy all dead plant parts in 



fall. 



Diseases of Small Fruits 



SYMPTOMS 



Numerous red galls on surface 

 of plant 



Leaves spotted, turn yellow and 

 fall 



Leaves spotted, spots lighter 

 color in centre 



Leaves rusted on under side 



Canes showing dead and dis- 

 colored areas 



Fruit and leaves covered with 

 dirty white mold 



Spots resembling birds' eyes on 

 young leaves and berries 



spots on leaves yellow above, 

 with white mildew below 



Circular brown spots on leaves 

 and berries, later turning 

 black. Berries shrivel but do 

 not fall off 



White mildew on leaves and 

 fruit stems 



Bright orange-colored powdery- 

 spots on leaves 



Small purple spots on canes, 

 later turning gray, sinking 

 in and cracking 



Large, irregular knots on the 

 roots and at the crown under 

 ground 



Spots on leaves, red or purple 

 with white centre when old. 



DISEASE 



CONTROL MEASURES 



Cranberry. 

 Currant 



Currant 



Currant 

 Currant 

 Gooseberry 



Grape 



Grape 



Grape 



Grape 



Raspberry 

 and 

 blackberry 

 Raspberry 

 and 

 blackberry 

 Raspberry 

 and 

 blackberry 

 Strawberry . 



Spring and 



summer . . 



Late spring 



and summer 



Late spring 

 and sum 

 mer 



Summer. . . 



Summer. . . 

 Summer. . . 



Early sum- 

 mer 



Scald 



Anthracnose 



Leaf blight 



Rust 



Cane-blight 

 Mildew 



Withhold water from plants during winter. 



Summer. . . 



Spring and 

 Mid- 

 summer . . 



M i d s u m 

 mer 



Spring. . . . 



Anthracnose 



Downy- 

 mildesv. . 



Black-rot. . 



Powdery mil- 

 dew 



Orange rust 



Summer. . . 



Summer and 

 autumn. . 



Spring and 

 summer 



Anthracnose 



Crown gall, 

 (bacterial) 



Leaf-bHght 



Spray 3-5 times with bordeaux mixture 

 5-5-50. Beginning as soon as leaves ap 

 pear 



Spray with ammoniacal copper carbonate 

 until fruit is harvested 



Destroy currant leaves and neighboring white 

 pine 



Begin when plants are small, and cut out and 

 burn all diseased canes 



Begin when buds are opening and spray with 

 potassium sulphide every 7-10 days until 

 fruit is gathered 



Before buds open apply strong iron sulphate 

 solution. Repeat after three or four days 



Spray with bordeaux 4-4-50 before rains be 

 ginning about time fruit sets 



Spray with bordeaux 4-4-50 when third leaf 

 has expanded, when fruit is set, repeat every 

 2 or 3 weeks until fruit is nearly full grown. 



Dust with flowers of sulphur, use machine. . . 



Dig and burn all diseased plants as quick!} 

 as discovered 



Before buds open strong iron sulphate solution 

 and cut out diseased canes 



Never set plants on infested lands, nor set 

 plants showing root-knots 



Spray with bordeaux mixture 1, when growth 

 begins, 2, when first fruits are setting, and 

 after fruiting season 



If currant worms present add 

 pans green, 1 lb. to 100 gals., or 

 arsenate of lead, 2 lbs. to 50 gals. 



Afterward use bordeaux 5-5-50. 



Disease not yet common in this 



country. 

 Go over plantation three or four 



times every summer. 

 Land should be well drained, 



kept free of weeds, and have 



circulation of air. 

 Later spray with bordeaux 



5-5-50, and burn diseased 

 wood. 

 Spots on leaves are indefinite in 



outline, and turn dark brown. 



Leaves fall early. 

 Spray with ammoniacal copper 



carbonate when fruit is nearly- 

 mature. 



Often causes shedding of fruit. 



No spraying treatment valuable. 



After buds open bordeaux 4-4-50 

 every two weeks. 



No treatment. Plants should 

 be carefully inspected before 

 planting. 



Mow and burn leaves just after 

 fruiting season. 



