May. 1 i) 1 * 



T II E G ARDEN MAGAZINE 



Diseases of Orchard Trees 



249 



in \\r 

 Apple — 



Apple 



Apple 



Apple — 

 Apple — 



Apple — 



Apple — 



Apple.. . . 

 Apple.. . . 

 Apricot. . 



Cherry. . 



Cherry. . 

 Cherry. . 

 Cherry. . 

 Cherry. . 

 Peach. . . 

 Peach. . . 

 Peach. . . 

 Peach. . . 



Peach. . . 

 Pear .... 



Pear .... 

 Pear .... 



Pear 



Pear .... 

 Plum . . . 



Plum ... 



Plum ... 



Plum . . . 

 Plum . . . 

 Plum . . . 



SYMPTOMS 



Brown spots on leaves and black 

 scabby spots on fruit 



Blighting, wilting and blacken- 

 ing of leaves and tips of shoots. 

 Cankers on limbs, bark de- 

 pressed 



Black rough cankers on limbs 

 and trunk. Bark cracked 

 open, and is swollen oat 



Cankers on limbs and trunk. 

 Bark dead, fallen away; wound 

 marked by concentric callouses 



Circular brown pits on fruit. . . . 



Circular brown spots on fruit. 

 Spots when old with minute 

 black elevations at centre 



Fruit at first with brown spots 

 Later black and rotten. Scab 



Scab like blotches on fruit 

 Brown specks on leaves 



Yellow spots on leaves, rusty 

 below 



Fruit rotten and covered with 

 brown powder y mold 



Black knots on limbs. 



Fruit rotten and covered with 

 brown powder)' mold 



Leaves covered with reddish 

 brown spots, fall prematurely 



Lea\'es reddish, wrinkled, curled; 

 witches brooms on limbs. . . 



Leaves curl and show white 

 mealy mold 



Fruit rotten and covered with 

 brown powdery mold 



Leaves distorted and curled 

 dropping in early summer 



Sickly yellow leaves, prematurely 

 ripened fruit 



Dark blotches on fruit, some- 

 times cracked 



White mildew on leaves and 

 fruit 



Leaves blacken, fruit remains 

 on, twigs killed, cankers on 

 limbs and trunk 



Brown spots on leaves and 

 scabby cracked fruit 



Spots with dull red centre on 

 leaves, red to brown spots on 

 fruit 



Yellow spots on leaves, yellow 

 horn-like projections beneath . . 



Small angular spots with whitish 

 centre on leaves 



Black knots on limbs and twigs 



Fruit rotten and covered with 

 brown powdering mold. . . . 



Leaves with small reddish brown 

 spots and falling prematurely. 



Leaves wilting and black, twigs 



killed 



Fruit badly deformed and stunted 



Leaves showing dirty white 

 mealy mold, and curling. . . 



Summer and 

 autumn. . 



Summer. . . . 



Summer. . . . 



Summer. . . 

 Autumn. . . 



Autumn . . 

 Summer. . . 



Summer. . . 



Spring and 



summer . 



Summer. . . . 



Summer. . . . 



Summer. . . . 



Summer. . . . 



Summer. . . . 



Summer. . . . 



Summer and 



fall 



Spring. . . 



Spring and 



summer . 

 Spring and 

 summer . . . 



Spring and 

 summer 



Spring and 

 summer . 



Summer and 



autumn. . 



Summer . . , 



Spring and 



summer. 

 Summer. . . 



Summer. . . 



Summer. . . 



Summer. 



Spring and 



summer. 

 Spring. . . 



Summer. 



Scab fun- 

 gus 



Fire blight 

 (bacterial) 



N. Y. apple 

 tree can 

 ker 



European 

 apple tree 

 canker. . . 



Baldwin 

 fruit pit 

 or "stip- 

 pen" 



Baldwin 

 fruit spot . 



Bitter-rot.. . 



Apple blotch 



Rust 



Brown rot. 



Black-knot. 



Brown-rot . . 

 Leaf-spot. . . 



Witches 

 broom. . . 



Powdery mil- 

 dew 



Brown-rot. . 



Leaf-curl . . . 

 Yellows. . . . 

 Scab 



Mildew. . 



Fire blight 

 (bacterial) 



Scab 



Leaf blight. 



Rust 



Leaf spot . . . 

 Black knot 



Brown-rot. . 

 Leaf-spot. . . 



Fire blight 

 (bacterial) 



Plum pock- 

 ets 



Powdery mil- 

 dew. . . . 



CONTROL MKASl'KKS 



Spray with lime-sulphur 1-40 or bordeaux 

 3-3-50. Add arsenate of lead to either 

 (2-3 lbs to 50 gal.) as insecticide 



Make systematic inspection of trees several 

 times a week during growing season, prune 

 out and destroy all blighted twigs, disin- 

 fect with corrosive sublimate and paint with 

 gas tar. (Not profitable on old trees) 



Avoid injury to bark. All cankers should be 

 pruned out, cut surfaces disinfected and 

 painted over with gas tar. Spray in spring 

 before buds open with lime-sulphur i-q 



Avoid injury to bark, treat all cankers as 

 above 



This is a physiological trouble, and no treat- 

 ment has proven effective 



Spray with bordeaux 4-4-50 beginning when 

 fruit is half grown. Baldwin especially 

 susceptible 



Spray with bordeaux 4-4-50, first about forty 

 days after petals fall, then every two weeks. . 



Spray as for bitter-rot 



Destroy all neighboring juniper trees '. . . 



Plant resistant varieties. Spray with self -boiled 

 lime-sulphur (Scott formula) 8-8-50, to which 

 is added arsenate of lead, 2 lbs. to 50 gals . . 



Prune out and burn all knots before leaves 

 appear in spring 



Same as for cherrv above. 



Spray with lime-sulphur 1-40 or bordeaux 

 5-5-50 



Prune out and burn all witches' brooms. Spray 

 with bordeaux 5-5-50 



Dust heavily with sulphur or spray with 

 potassium sulphide 1 oz. to 3 gals, water. . . 



Same as for cherry above 



Spray trees once before buds swell with lime 

 sulphur 1-9 or bordeaux 5-5-50 



Dig out and burn all diseased trees as soon 

 as discovered 



Spray with Scott's self-boiled lime-sulphur 

 8-8-50 as for brown-rot 



Spray with potassium sulphide, or dust with 

 sulphur 



Inspect every few days, beginning when bios 

 soms fall. Cut out and disinfect all cuts 

 with corrosive sublimate 1-1000 



Spray as for apple scab above 



Spray as for pear scab. 



Destroy all neighboring juniper trees. 

 Spray as for pear scab 



Prune out and burn all knots before leaves 

 appear in spring 



Spray with lime-sulphur (Scott's self-boiled 

 8-8-50 containing arsenate of lead 2 lbs 

 to 50 gals.) 



Spray with self boiled lime-sulphur or bordeaux 

 3-3-50. Make first application ten days 

 after blossoms fall 



Same as for fire blight of apple above 



Spray trees once before buds begin to swell 

 with bordeaux 5-5-50 



Spray with potassium sulphide 1 oz. to 3 gals, 

 water 



REMARKS 



Spray 1, before buds open and as 

 they are swelling (lime-sul- 

 phur 1-9). 2, as blossom buds 

 open. 3, after petals fall. 4, ten 

 or fourteen days later. 



Remove all cankers on limbs 

 with a sharp knife, disinfect 

 and paint over. Cut well 

 below infection in every case. 



When spraying soak body and 

 limbs. This disease common 

 on Twenty Ounce. 



Paint over at once all injuries 

 from hail, etc. 



Most common on Baldwin, also 

 on Twenty Ounce Pippin, 

 King and Spy. 



Early sprays are not necessary 

 for this disease alone. Most 

 common in New England. 



Tissue of fruit near decayed 

 portion bitter. Cankers on 

 limbs sometimes found. 



A destructive disease through- 

 out Southwest. 



No other treatment recom- 

 mended. 



Spray first about time shucks are 

 shedding from young fruit. 

 Make 3 applications 10 days 

 apart. 



See that knots are removed from 

 all plum and cherry trees in 

 neighborhood. 



Peach, apricot, and plum also 

 affected. 



Make four applications. First 

 as shucks are falling. 



Make two applications, first 

 just as buds swell. 



Often serious in nursery stock. 



Use Scott's self-boiled lime- 

 sulphur. 



Easily controlled by this one 

 spray. 



No other means of control. 



Avoid low sites, remove wind 

 breaks, prune to give free ac- 

 cess of air. 



Commonly found only on young 

 nursery stock. 



The disease is even more severe 

 on pears than on apples. 



Especially severe on Flemish 



Beauty. 

 Disease also attacks quince. 



No other treatment. 



Bartlett very susceptible, Kieffer 

 immune. 



Remove all similar knots from 

 neighboring cultivated or wild 

 cherry or plums. 



Make three applications first 

 about time shucks are falling 

 from young fruit. Other appli- 

 cations at intervals of three 

 weeks. 



Do not spray Japanese plums 

 with bordeaux. 



This disease not common on 



plum. 

 Other applications of little value. 



Not often as serious on plums 

 as on cherry. 



