May, 19 18 



THE 



ARDEN MAGAZINE 



189 



possible to keep the plants in a healthy, 

 thrifty condition, as they are then in better 

 shape to withstand the attacks of insects or 

 diseases. 



Anthracnose, "leaf spot'* or "rust," attacking beans, toma- 

 toes, celerv and some flowers. Use bordeaux mixture or summer 

 strength lime-sulphur; or ammoniacal copper carbonate solution 

 to avoid stains on foliage and flowers. 



Aphis. Attacks peas, melons, Roses and so on. Use nicotine 

 preparations, or kerosene emulsion, two or three applications 

 at intervals of three or four days, reaching under sides of 

 leaves. 



Asparagus beetle. Use arsenate of lead on summer foliage; 

 cut and burn all growths in late summer. 



Aster beetle. Use arsenate of lead, strong; or pick by hand 

 in early morning while bugs are still drowsy. 



Blight, affecting cucumbers, potatoes and other things, in 

 various forms. Spray .with bordeaux frequently enough to 

 keep all new growth covered. Dust with sulphur-lead prepara- 

 tions. 



Caterpillars. Various kinds attack cabbage, tomatoes, corn, 

 etc. Use arsenate of lead, paris green or hellebore; or pick by 

 hand. 



Cucumber beetle. Yellow and black striped. Use tobacco 

 dust as preventive; beetles carry the germs of wilt. Pick by 

 hand the first bugs in early morning. 



Cutworms. Fat, sluggish, ground worms, brown with dark 

 stripes, cutting through stems of many plants, especially when 

 just up or newly set out. Trap under pieces of shingle or 

 flat stones; or scatter about, toward nightfall a mash made of one 

 quart of wheat bran, one teaspoonful of white arsenate, one 

 teaspoonful of a cheap molasses, mixed with enough water to 

 make a mash. Careful search around a newly cut plant, early 

 in the morning, will usually uncover the marauder near the 

 surface. 



Flea beetle. A small, hard shelled jumping beetle, which 

 punctures leaves of tomatoes, potatoes and seedling plants. 

 Use tobacco dust or kerosene emulsion on seedling plants. 

 Bordeaux or lead on tomatoes or potatoes. 



Mealy bug. A scale-like insect with cottony covering, 

 attacking some flowers. It seldom appears in the vegetable 

 garden. Use kerosene emulsion; or brushing with alcohol, or 

 special oil preparations. 



Mildew. Attacks cucumbers, melons, lima beans, Roses and 

 other flowers. Dust with flowers of sulphur to prevent spread. 

 Use regular bordeaux-lead spray as an effective preventive 

 during the season. 



Potato beetle. Use arsenate of lead or paris green. On egg- 

 plants use arsenate of lead only and pick by hand. 



Root maggot. Attacking cabbage, onion, radish, etc. Plant 

 on new, clean ground where possible. Remove and carefully 

 destroy infested plants at once. On cabbage, use tar paper 

 discs about stem when setting out. Sow radishes as a trap, 

 with onion seed removing and destroying the plants when in- 

 fested. 



Rose beetle. Pick by hand and use strong arsenate of lead. 



Squash bug. A lively, flat black fellow. Use tobacco dust 

 or pick by hand to get rid of old bugs and eggs; use kerosene 

 emulsion for the young ones. 



Squash borer. Slit stem near base of plant, and destroy the 

 borer. Cover wound with fresh soil. 



White fly. Attacks tomatoes, vine crops and some flowers. 

 Not conspicuous until large numbers have propagated. Use 

 tobacco dust as repellant; spray with nicotine preparations and 

 kerosene emulsion. 



The Coming Fruit Drive m. g. kains 



Offensive-Defensive Tactics to Conserve Food Supplies 



HUNGRY hordes of bugs and blights 

 are sure to strafe us in May and 

 make big drives on defenceless 

 fruit and foliage, to take the 

 offensive and make formidable onslaughts. 

 For us to carry on a successful campaign 

 against them and keep them out of our 

 trenches we must be equipped to repulse 

 their massed attacks and to counter-attack 

 with suitable ammunition and adequate 

 artillery. Now is the time to establish ammu- 

 nition dumps and limber up machine guns. 

 Vigilant patrols will discover the foe and 

 when and where debouch is to be made. Our 

 sole salvation is to assault wherever the 

 enemy is mustered. 



Keep trees "fit" so they may stand-by to 

 repel all attacks. The "set" of fruit is made 

 in May and June, so the work must be done 

 now! 



Arms and Munitions 



T JNHANDINESS is the bane of spraying. 

 ^ There's a great array of artillery and 

 small arms for fighting bugs and plant 

 diseases. They grade in power and capacity 

 from the "orchard gun" which has the longest 

 range down to the atomizer which works with 

 finger and thumb in a very small area. Each 

 has its utility and its value based thereon. 



The essential points of a good pump are 

 brass easily accessible working parts, and 

 ball valves. These cost more to buy than do 



Where the cultivated area justifies the investment a wagon of some sort (horse or motor) 

 will be advisable for mobility. Two men are engaged 



iron ones but they last much longer because 

 the corrosive spray mixtures do not affect 

 them. The cheaper pumps may be made to 

 last longer than usual if they are thoroughly 

 cleaned with abundant water after each time 

 they are used. If not so cleaned and if the 

 spray mixtures are allowed to stand in them 

 from day to day they may not last through 

 one single season. 



The most perfect nozzles are those which 

 give the liquid a rotary motion in an "eddy 

 chamber" just as it is thrown out. Vermorel, 

 Friend, and Mistry are the three principal 

 forms of this type. 



Have plenty of hose especially for tree 

 spraying. For hand use on bushes a few feet 

 only are needed but for trees when power rigs 

 are used 25 feet is none too much. 



Among the spraying apparatus adapted to 

 the home fruit garden the following are typical: 



Compressed air tanks which usually hold from three to five 

 gallons and furnished with an adjustable strap and handles are 

 excellent for carrying when spraying bushes, grape vines, straw- 

 berries and other rows; also for trees when placed on the ground 

 and supplied with extension rods and longer lengths of hose. 

 For such purposes they are lighter and more easily managed 

 than the old style. 



Knapsack sprayers. These are tanks strapped knapsack 

 fashion to one's back. They are provided with pumps, the 

 handles of which extend over the shoulder where they are 

 pulled down by rods. The main objections to them are their 

 weight, their proneness to leak at the top and the attraction the 

 leaked solution seems to have for the small of the operator's 

 back! 



Bucket pumps there are in considerable variety. Their 



strongest point is their ability to maintain high pressure. Their 



weakness consists in being less handy to move about than the 



other two types mentioned 



above. 



Of barrel pumps there are 

 many makes variously 

 mounted on wheels, stone 

 boats, in wagons, etc. Two 

 general classes are common: 

 those mounted on end, and 

 those mounted on their side. 

 Of the two the latter is the 

 better because the settlings 

 are reduced to a minimum. 

 In each case the handle should 

 be attached to an agitator to 

 keep the liquid thoroughly 

 stirred up. 



Tank and gasolene power 

 sprayers are largely used for 

 commercial work. They are 

 beyond the scope of ordinary 

 amateur fruit growing. 



Combination Attacks 



IZTLLING two birds 

 *-"- with one stone is 

 not nearly so likely a 

 feat as killing bugs 

 ind blights with one 

 spray. Arsenate of 



The small home orchard is well served by a portable pump 

 attached to some handy container 



lead added to bordeaux mixture is, if anything, 

 more effective than when mixed with water. 

 So applied it saves the lime of a second 

 spraying. 



It is s~fe, sane, and satisfactory to mix 

 bordeaux mixture with arsenate of lead or 

 nicotine or both. No chemical change occurs 

 in the compound to impair the health of the 

 plants. Similarly it is safe to mix lead arsenate 

 with nicotine or with lime-sulphur wash 

 provided it is a neutral not an "acid" arsenate 

 and these three may be used together. Nico- 

 tine may be added to emulsions of oil and to 

 soap suds. But avoid the following: 1, 

 mixing paris green with lime-sulphur or soap 

 solutions or oil emulsions: 2, acid lead 

 arsenate with soap suds, or emulsions or 

 alkalis; 3, emulsions with lime-sulphur wash; 

 4, zinc arsenite with lime-sulphur wash, or 

 soap suds or emulsions; 5, sulphides of soda 

 or potash with any of the arsenicals (paris 



