May, 191 S 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



191 



T^Goose berry MILDEW — a felt-like growth 

 on leaves and fruit, is worse on European 

 gooseberries. Spray when the buds burst and 

 every ten days until July first, using potassium 

 sulphide, an ounce to three gallons of water. 



■^•Spotting and premature falling of currant 

 leaves may be due to anthracnose and leaf 

 spot. Prevent by spraying with bordeaux 

 mixture when the leaves unfold and at inter- 

 vals of two weeks until the fruit begins to 

 turn color. 



•^-Orange rust, like a sniper "gets" an 

 occasional blackberry and raspberry plant. 

 The undersides of the stunted leaves become 

 velvety orange because of the disease. Prompt 

 digging and immediate burning of affected 

 plants are the only things to do. 



■^■Brown Rot, and scab of peach, plum and 

 cherry, are best checked by spraying first 

 after the blossoms fall, second three of four 

 weeks later and third a month after. When 

 only two can be given omit the first if spraying 

 only for rot, and the last if only for scab. 

 Self boiled lime-sulphur wash is the most 

 reliable mixture to use. 



-fcScAB of pears and apples may be con- 

 trolled by bordeaux mixture sprayed on the 

 unfolding leaves before the blossoms open, 

 again after the petals fall and a third time 

 about two weeks later. In the last two treat- 

 ments dilute the mixture somewhat. 



■^Pear blight is of bacterial origin. Its 

 conspicuous sign is brown leaves and twigs. 

 Cut the twigs out several inches below the 

 lowest affected leaf. Sterilize the knife or 

 the wound or both with corrosive sublimate 

 solution (i tablet to a pint of water). Burn 

 all cuttings promptly. 



-fc Prevent scab on apple and pear by spray- 

 ing when the buds open, again when the 

 petals fall and a third time about a month 



Spray Mixtures in Handy Small 

 Quantities 



This table is presented foi the convenience of the gardener who 

 does not want gallons and gallons of stock solutions 



SPRAY 



INGREDIENT 



REDUCED 



FORMULA 



Bordeaux 

 Mixture 



Quicklime 



Copper Sulphate (Crys- 

 tals) 



1! 



I 



tablespoons 



tablespoon 

 quarts 



pint 

 pint 

 cubic inch 



Kerosene Emul- 

 sion (Dilute I 

 to 15 or 20) 



Water 



Hard Soap .... 



I 

 I 



Ammomacal 

 Copper Car- 

 bonate 



Copper Carbonate . 



2 



teaspoons 



Water 



2 



gallons 



Arsenate oflead 



Lead Arsenate (Paste) . 



Water Cor bordeaux 



mixture) .... 



I 



tablespoon 

 gallon 



Paris Green 



Paris green .... 

 Water (or bordeaux 



mixture) .... 

 Quicklime (Unnecessary 



if bordeaux is used) 



I 



3 

 ■ 3 



teaspoon 



gallons 



teaspoons 



Pyrethrum in 

 Water 



Pyrethrum Powder. 

 Water (Warm) . 



1 



teaspoon 



quarts 



Poisoned Bran 

 Mash 



Bran, Middlings (0 r 



Coarse Flour). 

 Molasses .... 

 Paris green .... 

 Water 



1 



1 

 1 

 1 



quart 

 tablespoon 

 teaspoon 

 cup 



Nicotine 



Available in proprietary 

 preparations only 



D 



i 1 u t e_ with 

 water as di- 

 rected 



Burgundy Mixture, which is in use in Eng- 

 land as an alternate for bordeaux mixture, is 

 described thus: copper sulphate 4 lbs., wash- 

 ing soda (salsoda) 6 lbs., water 40 gals. Ma- 

 terials are dissolved separately and mixed by 

 pouring the soda into the copper solution. 



later using bordeaux mixture each time. 

 Add lead arsenate to the second and third 

 sprays to control chewing insects. 



•^■Prevent the purplish spotting of plum 

 leaves followed by little "shot" holes by 

 spraying with dilute bordeaux mixture after 

 the blossoms fall and at intervals of two 

 weeks. This spraying will also check brown 

 rot, black knot and other fungous troubles. 

 Add arsenate of lead (just as if the fungicide 

 were Water) to control curculio and other 

 biting insects. 



*Spray strawberries once or twice before 

 any blossoms open using bordeaux mixture 

 and arsenate of lead. This will control most 

 plant diseases and chewing insects. Nicotine 

 sprays will help check sucking insects but 

 the more troublesome of these, plant lice, are 

 best controlled by setting only louse-free 

 plants in soil not recently cropped by straw- 

 berries. 



"fcThose more or less confluent whitish 

 spots with purplish borders on raspberry stems 

 are due to anthracnose. Before the buds swell 

 cut out and burn badly infested canes and 

 spray with resin-bordeaux mixture. When 

 the young shoots get about six inches tall 

 spray again and repeat in about two weeks. 

 After harvest cut out and burn all old canes 

 and young ones badly affected. 



■^-Prevent black rot of grapes by spray- 

 ing with bordeaux mixture as soon as the 

 blossoms buds form, again after the fruit has 

 set, and at intervals of two weeks until late 

 July. Then use a clear fungicide that will 

 not soil the fruit. Dipping bordeaux-soiled 

 fruit in vinegar and rinsing in water will get 

 rid of the stains. Downy and powdery 

 mildew are controlled by this treatment. 



Little Spraying Calendar for the Fruit Garden in May 







When to Spray 







Fruit 



What to Spray For 







Materials to Use 



Remarks 











first TIME 



SECOND TIME 







Apple 



Bud moth, case bearer, 



April (see remarks) 



When buds begin to show 



Lead arsenate 



Should have been sprayed for when the leaves first started. Spray- 





Tent caterpillar 





pink tips 





ing in May is less effectual, but still useful 





Canker-worms and above 



When buds begin to show 



After petals have fallen 



Lead arsenate 



This spray corresponds with the second used for the above insects 





insects (second time) 



pink tips 











Plant lice or aphis 



When buds begin to show 

 pink tips 



After petals have fallen 



Nicotine 



Add to above sprays "on general principles" 





Scab, rust, leaf spot and 



When buds begin to show 



After petals have fallen 



Bordeaux mixture or lime- 



Spray in clear weather, or before (not after) a rain 





other diseases 



pink tips 





sulphur wash (1 to 40) 







Codling moth larvae 



When petals have fallen 



About two weeks later 



Lead arsenate 



First spray corresponds with second for canker worm 



Cherry 



Brown rot, leaf spot 



Just before blossoms open 



Wh^n calyx or "shuck" 

 is falling from fruit 



Bordeaux mixture or lime- 

 sulphur (1 to 40) 



Dilute bordeaux 25 to 40% and add extra lime 





Curculio 



When calyx or "shuck" 

 is falling from fruit 



Two weeks later 



Lead arsenate 



First spray corresponds to second for scab. So the insecticide 

 and the fungicide may be put together 





Slug 



When calyx or "shuck"' 

 is falling from fruit 



Two weeks later 



Lead arsenate 



First spray corresponds to second for scab. So the insecticide 

 and the fungicide may be put together 



Currant 



Currant or gooseberry 



April (see remarks) 



First week in month 



Lead arsenate 



First spraying should be done when leaves first expand. Spray 





worm 





(again two weeks later) 





upward especially at base of bushes 





Leaf spot, mildew 



April (see remarks) 



First week in month and 

 two weeks later 



Lime sulphur (1 to 40) or 

 bordeaux mixture 



First spray should be given when buds are breaking 



Gooseberry 



Mildew, leaf spot 



Same as currant 



Same as currant 



Same as currant 







Gooseberry worm 



Same as currant 



Same as currant 



Same as currant 





Grape 



Black rot 



When shoots have 3 or 4 

 leaves 



When blossom buds are 

 swelling 



Bordeaux mixtur 



If weather is wet give 3rd spray during month or in early June 





Leaf hopper 



When shoots have 3 or 4 

 leaves 



When blossom buds arc 

 swelling 



Nicotine 



Spray upward to hit bugs on under sides of leaves 





Rose chafer 



When first are seen (usual- 

 ly late May) 



Week or ten days later 



Lead arsenate 



Double strength recommended for ordinary insects 





Flea beetle 



When insects appear on 









Knock into pan of kerosene. As effectual as spraying 











opening buds 









Peach 



Curl-leaf 



April (see remarks) 





Lime sulphur (winter 



"Dormant spray" most effective. Later ones too dilute to do 













strength) 



much good 





Brown rot, scab, leaf 



When "shucks" or calyces 



Two weeks later 



Self- boiled lime-su pi hur 



In wet season spray every ten days or two weeks 





spot 



fall ■ 





wash 







Curculio 



When "shucks" or calyces 



fall 

 for apple insects and disease 



Two weeks later 



Lead arsenate 





Pear 



Same as 



s : except dilute the lime-su 



phu" wash 1 to 50 instead 



f I to 40. 





Slug 



Same as for cherry 









Plum 



Same as for peach 

















Strawberry 



WeevHl 











Avoid by planting pistillate varieties largely; cover beds with 

















muslin; keep beds remote from hedge rows; make new beds 













annually 





Leaf roller 



When moths first appear 





Lead arsenate 



Burn beds after harvest 











and before leaves folded 











Leaf spot, rust 



When new foliage appears 



Before blossoms open 



Bordeaux mixture 



Burn beds after harvest 



