56 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. Vol. xxxiv No. 4oi. 



4. Magenta (an intermediate colour between mallow purple and 

 rodamin purple) single. 



5. Yellow (light cadomium) single. 



6. Pale yellow (baryta yellow). 



7. Scarlet (scarlet) single. 



Of these seven races Nos. 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 have been preserved 

 till now by selfing, and each of. them proved true to the race. 



For the study of inheritance, the specificity in the other charac- 

 ters, such as the colours of filaments, the spots on the basal parts 

 of petals, and the number of stigmatic lobes &c. may be considered 

 as racial characters, but in the present research the alleromorphs 

 relating them has not been included. 



Now I will describe a little more about each of the above men- 

 tioned races. 



DOUBLENESS OF THE FLOWER. There are two types of 

 "double flowers. 



Type A. With only small number of petals added to that of 

 the ordinary single flower, and with numerous functional branches 

 of stamens, and the normal pistil. 



Type B. With many additional petals and a few functional 

 branches of stamens intermingled with the former, so that they are 

 sometimes invisible from outside, with an abnormal pistil very often 

 with the stigma on a petaloid stalk. 



These two types of double flowers generally occur on the different 

 individuals, but sometimes on the same plant. Especially in old or 

 weakened plant, the type A appears. The double flower with the 

 normal pistil is generally fertile, but there only few seeds ripen; 

 so it is very difficult to propagate double-flowered plants by self- 

 pollination. 



PIGMENTS OF THE FLOWER. The general colours of the 

 petal are due to the pigments dissolved in the cell-sap ; they dissolve 

 easily in water as well as in alcohol. It seems to me that they all 

 belong to anthocyanins or flavone derivations. 



The colourings of different races are as follows : — 



1. ^ The deep magenta and the magenta are due to one kind of 

 anthocyanin pigment, and the difference is quantitative. 



2. The scarlet colour appears to be produced by the simultaneous 

 presence of the magenta anthocyanin and a yellow pigment. 



3. The yellow and the pale yellow colours are, as is shown by 

 the breeding experiments, due to two different kinds of pigments. We 



