BRITISH WARBLERS 
on the coast of Uleaborg, it is common; this is especially 
the case on the Island of Carlo, in the vicinity of Willman- 
strand, and on the shores of Lake Ladoga. It algo occurs in 
the neighbourhood of Lake Onega, in the Province of Olonetz, 
and eastward of this visits the Provinces of Vologda, Viatka, 
and Perm. In Poland and the Baltic Provinces the bird is 
very common, and in fact throughout Central and Southern 
Russia, and in the valley of the Volga it is generally dis- 
tributed. Further east it becomes less plentiful, though 
occurring in the provinces of Orenburg, the Kirghiz Steppes, 
and in Astrakhan, and to some extent breeding in the 
Caucasus, 
In Asia Minor it occurs in summer. 
There are records of its occurrence in Cyprus, but Crete 
and Malta are visited on migration only, and it appears to 
breed in parts of Algeria, Tripoli, and Tunis. 
In winter it visits North-east, Central, and West Africa, 
as far south as Damaraland, and also Arabia and Madeira. 
LIFE-HISTORY. 
There is little variation in the dates upon which the 
first male reaches these islands, or at any rate the Midland 
Counties, and under ordinary conditions they may be expected 
between April 19th and 25th, though, if exceptional climatic 
conditions prevail, the migration may be checked. Such 
was the case in the year 1908, when a snowstorm of con- 
siderable severity occurred about April 25th, with the result 
that the males did not begin to arrive until April 30th. 
In the numbers in which they visit us from year to year 
they vary considerably, and this variation is in some measure 
due to a local and temporary influx into certain districts, 
for it often happens that whereas they may be plentiful in 
one district, in another one adjoining they may be unusually 
scarce. It cannot, however, be doubted that there are in 
addition influences at work outside the British Islands— 
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