BRITISH WARBLERS 
so common as the Whitethroat. In many of the southern 
parts of Europe it is scarce, Greece and Corfu being only 
visited on rare occasions. In Montenegro it appears to be 
rather more numerous, especially in the higher mountainous 
regions, and in Bulgaria it occurs on the islands in the 
Danube and near Kasanluk and Tirnova. 
To many parts of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy it is 
a common visitor, and the same may be said of the Russian 
Empire. In Finland it is generally distributed, but more 
numerous in the southern parts, occurring as far north as 
Ijo. In the provinces bordering Finland it is scarce, but has 
been found in Olonetz and Archangel. Eastward of this it 
occurs in some numbers in the Province of Perm. 
To Poland it is a common visitor except in the Province 
of Lublin, but in the Baltic Provinces it is not so numerous, 
and the same may be said of the Provinces of Novgorod, Pskoy, 
Tver, and Jaroslav. In the Provinces of Moscow and Tula 
and in the district lying between the Rivers Oka and Volga it 
is again somewhat numerous. Hast of this it occurs sparingly 
in the Province of Kazan, but again becomes numerous 
in Orenburg. Whether it visits the Kirghiz Steppes seems 
doubtful, but on migration it occurs in Astrakhan. In the 
southern parts it is not plentiful, but visits the Provinces of 
Kiev and Khardov and has been found near Odessa. 
To the Caucasus it is not an uncommon visitor, especially 
in the neighbourhood of Tiflis, Terek, Kuba, the eastern parts 
of Daghestan, and near Lenkoran. 
There are records of its occurrence in Turkestan, the 
valley of the Yenisei, on the Persian Gulf, and it breeds 
commonly in Palestine. 
In winter we find it principally in the northern and north- 
eastern parts of Africa, but not as far south as the White- 
throat; Arabia and Persia are also visited at this season of 
the year. 
LIFE-HISTORY. 
In contrast to the Whitethroat there is considerable 
variation in the dates upon which the first males reach 
4 
