126 THE IRON ORE DISTRICT OF EAST TEXAS. 



The dip of these beds is southeast, apparently about 5°, and the elevation 

 of the cutting about three hundred feet. 



On the J. Johnson headright, at the old Haggarty farm, a section taken 

 from a washout gives the following: 



1. Dark brown or orange-red sand, with quantities of fossil wood 4 feet. 



2. Ferruginous gravel cemented together. .... 10 inches. 



3. Brownish yellow sand 2 feet. 



4. White sand 3 feet. -f- 



These sections are all from the lower terrace or belt of country lying at 

 the base of the plateau-like ridge running east and west through the county 

 and lying between this ridge, and the belt of gray silty sands having a still 

 lower level along the courses of the Sabine River and Caddo Lake region 

 and stretching across the county in a semi-lunar form between these two 

 points, having the projecting horns stretching along these two water courses, 

 while the center of the crescent reaches to near the Papaw Creek on the east 

 side of the Lucinda Wallace headlight. 



The average elevation of this belt of brown sand is about three hundred 

 and fifty or three hundred and sixty feet above sea level. 



The upper sand of this area may be described as a dark brown, somewhat 

 between an orange and a red color, changing in localities to a lighter hue or 

 grayish brown and cinnamon brown color. This sand is somewhat coarse- 

 grained, and among its chief characteristics are: (1) Its total disregard of the 

 condition or form of the underlying beds. It covers all alike. Over the 

 stratified red and white sands and sandy clays, unstratified mottled sands, 

 and where these are absent lying upon the stratified dark blue, clays or 

 greensands, this brown sand lies like a mantle. It varies in its thickness ac- 

 cording to the condition of the underlying materials. (2) The great quanti- 

 ties of gravel found in association with this sand. This gravel is chiefly de- 

 rived from ferruginous sandstones, but considerable quantities of a white 

 quartz stained yellow, and small rounded and waterworn pebbles of a gray- 

 ish crystalline or metamorphic rock are found throughout the deposit. These 

 gravels are found bedded in pockets and scattered throughout the sand, singly 

 or in small numbers. In the darker browns the gravels when present are 

 usually found bedded as in the dark brown sands on the Johnson, Townsend, 

 and Payne headrights. Among the lighter browns and grays the pebbles 

 are scattered in no uniform manner, but are generally found singly and at 

 considerable intervals. Another circumstance worthy of note connected with 

 the presence of tnese gravels is the fact that when the pebbles are scarce or 

 sparsely scattered through the sand there is a total absence of the softer fer- 

 ruginous pebbles and nothing but the harder crystalline materials are present. 

 Whether the ferruginous gravels be derived from the thin beds lying in the 



