236 THE IRON OEE DISTRICT OF EAST TEXAS. 



About three miles south of Carthage, in the same road, this was verified by 

 finding loose detached fragments of fine-grained iron conglomerate, appar- 

 ently in line with the trend of the ridges. In the same road were seen frag- 

 ments of silicified wood and ferruginated silicified wood. As a rule, the pres- 

 ence of silicified wood in the soil, or sometimes two or three feet under the 

 soil, is a pretty good indication of a lignite bed underneath, at varying depths 

 from eight to forty feet. 



Descending the ridge, half a mile south by east from Carthage, on the 

 Carthage and Timpson road, on the George Goodwin headright (trend of 

 ridge east by north and west by south), was noted a bed of ferruginous 

 sandy clay having an exposure in the road bed of one hundred yards and a 

 thickness of twenty feet, containing a broken stratum of limonite geodes 

 which did not exceed ten inches in thickness at any one place. The geodes 

 often have a nucleus of yellow ochre and sometimes of white sand. The 

 geode bed is here underlaid apparently by a few inches of warty stalac- 

 titic clay iron stone. The stratigraphic position of this formation corresponds 

 with No. 3 of the Payne headright section shown in Fig. 16. In the fields 

 on the right and left it is obscured by about two feet of sandy soil in culti- 

 vation. 



Another section about two miles south of Carthage, in the same road, gives 

 the following: 



1. Stratum of grayish white sandy clay, somewhat hard 5 feet. 



2. Red and gray mottled clay 20 feet. 



3. Bed of grayish white clay 4 feet. 



to surface of the water in a tributary branch of Six Mile Creek, or Cypress 

 Bayou. The upper bed was probably derived from the leaching of the soil 

 by rain water. (See analysis No. 823.) The lower bed of grayish white clay 

 corresponds with No. 5 and the bed of mottled red and gray clay with No. 

 4 of the Payne headright section. The mottling of the clay has been pro- 

 duced by the infiltration of ferruginous solution into the joints and cracks of 

 the clay. 



Some two and one-half miles south of Carthage, in the same road, was 

 noted the following section: 



1. Sandy soil 2 feet. 



2. Red clay ... 5 feet. 



3. Geodes of limonite filled with red and yellow ochre 10 inches. 



4. Fine grained sand largely impregnated with black oxide of manganese 



(a pocket probably), in parted strata , 3 inches. 



5. Red and grey mottled clay, with alternating thin crusts of aluminous 



iron oxide, to bottom of gulley 15 to 20 feet. 



In the same locality was seen a fragment of a fine-grained sandy conglom- 



