NACOGDOCHES COUNTY. 269 



SOILS. 



The soil on the high ridges is sandy. On the sides of the ridges it is a 

 ferruginous loam mixed with sand. The upland soil is frequently covered 

 with extensive stretches of gray sand, having often a depth of four or five 

 feet. The underlying stratum is usually red or orange sandy clay. The 

 valley soil is a fertile sandy loam. 



CLAYS. 



This county has extensive deposits of clay suitable for making bricks and 

 tiles. 



Within two miles of the town of Garrison is a brick yard, where, in addi- 

 tion to building brick from the ordinary clay, is made a semi-vitrified cistern 

 and paving brick of excellent quality, from the gray clay of the lignitic series. 



On the Houston East and West Texas Railway, about a quarter of a mile 

 north of Fitze Station, in the railway cut, is an exposure of a bed of sandy 

 clay shale ten feet thick. (See section under Stratigraphy.) 



A similar exposure was seen in the railway cut about an eighth of a mile 

 southwest of Fitze Station, overlaid by five and one-half feet of yellow sandy 

 clay, and this in turn overlaid by two feet of soil derived from the mottled 

 red and gray clay. (See section under Stratigraphy.) The same bed, eight feet 

 thick, was seen in a railway cut on the same road, two and one-half miles 

 northeast of Garrison. 



On the southern edge of the town of Nacogdoches, on the road to Melrose, 

 was seen a drift section containing a bed of ferruginous sandy clay about five 

 feet thick, overlaid by sandy ferruginous soil three feet, and underlaid by 

 one foot of iron pebble drift, under which is an irregular bed of bluish clay 

 one foot thick; under this is irregular drift and cross-bedded sand. (See 

 section under Stratigraphy.) 



Across the little stream is a brick yard, making a fair quality of brick, 

 used mainly for building in tlie town of Nacogdoches. The material is taken 

 from a bed of sandy clay corresponding with the five-foot bed of above 

 section. 



Going up the hill beyond the brick kiln, on the plateau half a mile south- 

 east, was seen a bed of mottled sandy clay, overlying a five-foot bed of white 

 sand, with interstratified ferruginated streaks. 



In the same road, four miles northwest of Melrose, at Simpson's Hill, was 

 seen a bed of red clay sixty feet thick. 



At Aaron's Hill, just west of the town of Nacogdoches, on the Douglass 

 road, is a bed of mottled clay six feet in thickness, underlying two feet of 

 soil sand. 



