NACOGDOCHES COUNTY. 275 



small mixture of other hydrocarbons, which are not yet definitely determined. 

 (Schorlemmer, Phil. Trans., 1871, vol. clxii, part 1, p. Ill; Chem. Soc. Jour., 

 2, viii, 216; Warren, Silliman's Am. Jour., xi, 89, 216; Pelouze and Cahours, 

 Compt. Rend., liv, 1241; Ann. Chem. Phys. (4), i, 5; Ann. Chem. Pharm., 

 cxxiv, 289; cxxvii, 190; cxxix, 87.) 



The solid memfjers of the series are sometimes found as minerals in regions 

 of brown coal and bituminous shale, and are known under the name of ozo- 

 cerite, hatchettite, mineral tallow, and mineral wax. 



The tarry product from distillation of such shale, brown coal, and peat has 

 been used as a source of naptha, illuminating oil, lubricating oil, and solid 

 paraffin. 



Some years ago, when visiting the abandoned plant of the Cannel Coal and 

 Oil Company, at Cloverport, Kentucky, the writer saw a large quantity of 

 solid paraffin in the residuum of oil which had been left for a few years in 

 the large cast iron retorts. Schorlemmer (Chem. Soc. Jour., xv, 419, 1862) 

 has shown that the paraffins produced by the distillation of cannel coal are 

 similar to those of other mineral oils. 



Under direction of Dr. Edgar Everhart, Professor of Chemistry, University 

 of Texas, Mr. P. H. Fitzhugh submitted this oil from Nacogdoches to some 

 tests in the laboratory. (Bulletin No. 4.) The following facts were reported : 

 " The oil has a brownish red color. The odor is peculiar, but not so offensive 

 as the crude petroleum of Pennsylvania. At ordinary temperature the oil is 

 mobile, but not so much so as ordinary petroleum. Submitted to extreme 

 cold the oil still retains its liquidity, but naturally becomes less mobile. The 

 temperature of the oil was reduced to less than zero (Fahrenheit) without 

 losing its flowing qualities. At no temperature attainable in the laboratory 

 by artificial means could any solid paraffin be separated. The oil does not 

 gum on exposure to the air. It is not adapted to the production of illumi- 

 nating oil; its value consists in its use as a lubricant. About four pounds 

 of oil was subjected to distillation over the naked flame in a retort connected 

 with proper condensers. The temperature was carried up to 680° F. At 

 intervals of 45° each distillate was removed and its weight determined. The 

 results of the distillation were as follows: 



1. Below 300° F. the distillate amounted to . 04 per cent. 



2. 300° to 345° F. the distillate amounted to 0.31 per cent. 



3. 345° to 390° F. the distillate amounted to ... 1.38 per cent. 



4. 390° to 435° F. the distillate amounted to 2 . 09 per cent. 



5. 435° to 480° F. the distillate amounted to 3 . 14 per cent. 



6 480° to 525° F. the distillate amounted to 6 . 25 per cent. 



7. 525° to 615° F. the distillate amounted to 7 .07 per cent. 



8. 61 5° to 680° F. the distillate amounted to 5 . 63 per cent. 



Remaining in the retort 74 . 03 per cent. 



25— ffeol. 



