454 GEOLOGY OF NORTHWESTERN TEXAS. 



1. Red clay, with seams of fibrous gypsum , 40 feet. 



2. Greenish gypsiferous sandstone 10 feet. 



3. Blue clay, with seam of copper 4 feet. 



4. White cross-bedded sandstone with worm borings 12 feet. 



5. Conglomerate in thin seams and slanting back to top of hill 20 feet. 



Total 86 feet. 



About one mile south of Kiowa Peak I made the following section: 



1. Gypsum and thin bedded sandstone 20 feet. 



2. Red clay 20 feet. 



3. Blue clay with copper 4 feet. 



4. White thin-bedded sandstone 3 feet. 



Total 47 feet. 



At this place considerable work has been done prospecting for copper. 

 There have been several tunnels driven into the hill, and two shafts have 

 been sunk from the top of the hill to the copper clay bed. The entire seam 

 of clay is impregnated with copper. In the clay are many pieces of charcoal 

 that are mixed with the clay in confused masses, showing that the wood had 

 been charred and broken before it was deposited in the clay. Some of these 

 pieces of charcoal are covered with an incrustation of copper. This material 

 was analyzed and gave 20 80 per cent of copper. It is very abundant at that 

 place. The copper clay, which is four feet thick, gave 4.10 per eent of copper. 



Another locality where this bed of copper appears is about nine miles west 

 of Benjamin, in Knox County. At this place a company organized for the 

 purpose a few years ago did a great deal of work prospecting for copper. 

 They took out hundreds of tons of a material which they supposed could be 

 reduced by smelting, which now lies at the mouth of the tunnel. They also 

 erected a small smelter and attempted to reduce the copper clays, but found 

 the plan impracticable. The clays are all impregnated with copper and carry 

 a sufficient percentage to make the mining of it practicable, but the reduction 

 will have to be by a different method than that of separating the copper from 

 the clay by smelting in a furnace. Some of the copper taken from this place 

 could be very easily reduced by the smelter, but the clays will have to be 

 treated in a different manner. 



The following section was made at this place: 



1. Red clay , 20 feet. 



2. Blue clay, with seams of fibrous gypsum, pieces of charcoal, and copper 10 feet. 



3. Red clay 3 feet. 



4. Massive gypsum ... 2 feet. 



5. Red clay . 25 feet. 



6. Bluish limestone, thin-bedded, with a great many pleurophorus 5 feet. 



7. Red clay, gypsiferous 20 feet. 



8. Limestone 1 foot. 



Total 86 feet. 



