ARCHEOLOGY. 491 



water or corn holes cut in the rocks, but in the western part of the State 

 they are very numerous. These holes are of various sizes and depths; some 

 of them are fifteen inches deep and not more than eight inches- across the 

 top. They are cut in rocks of all kinds, from soft sandstone to hard por- 

 phyry. They are almost always in pairs. They are generally near some 

 watering place, yet I have seen them where there was no water in miles and 

 miles of them. I have found them covered with a flat rock, as if to keep the 

 animals out of them, and such holes were in a place where they would catch 

 the water that might fall upon the rocks. These were evidently intended to 

 furnish a small amount of water, probably to their runners that were sent 

 from one town or settlement to another. 



West of the Pecos there is a great deal of pottery to be found in broken 

 fragments. It is probable that the Pueblo Indians had once a large city in 

 the vicinity of the Hueco Mountains, twenty-five miles northeast of El Paso. 

 In the caves made by the falling down of large pieces of granitic rocks I 

 have seen many pictographs. They are the representations of animals of va- 

 rious kinds, and men in various positions. One is the representation of a 

 huge serpent at least thirty feet long. The only place I have seen obsidian 

 arrow points is along the Pecos River. There are none found east of the 

 Staked Plains. It is probable that there was no communication between the 

 tribes who inhabited the different sections. The absence of pottery of any 

 kind would indicate that the Pueblo Indians never inhabited or visited the 

 country east of the Plains. 



The contributions that Texas could make to the study of ethnology would 

 no doubt be interesting, if not important; but the collections will have to be 

 made in a systematic manner before they will be of much importance or 

 value to the science. 



