670 



TRANS-PECOS TEXAS. 



ous springs on the east side of the Guadaloupe Mountains, which after uniting 

 drain the northeast slope of the Guadaloupe Mountains in New Mexico. The 

 northeastern slope is drained by the Delaware Creek, which also originates 

 from numerous springs (mostly of good water) but in its lower course be- 

 comes contaminated with alkalies and sulphur, and runs into the Pecos River 

 about two miles north of Pope's Crossing. 



A number of smaller and larger springs on the north side of the Davis 

 Mountains join near Saragossa to form Toy ah Creek, which after passing a 

 salty lake reaches the Pecos River below Pecos City. 



Smaller creeks having their sources in the Davis range disappear after 

 leaving the mountains. 



From Toyah Creek to the mouth of the Pecos the country has hardly any 

 creeks worth mentioning. The most important direct tributary of the Rio 

 Grande from the east side of this divide is the Mara villas, having its principal 

 sources in the rain water coming down from the Mount Ord range, the Co- 

 manche Mountains, the Pena Colorado, and Pena Negra ranges, and in some 

 springs, of which the one at Pena Colorado and Thompson's are the most im- 

 portant. 



On the western slope of this divide we find as tributaries to the Rio Grande 

 the Tornillo, draining the valley between the Sierra St. Jago and the Rosillas, 

 Corazones, and Chisos Mountains. 



West of the three last named mountain groups, the Tarlinga (Treslinguas) 

 takes its course toward the Rio Grande, and some smaller creeks, the names 

 of which I could not ascertain (most of which seem to be only drainage beds 

 for rain water), may be mentioned on this side of the Sierra Bofecillos. 



At Presidio del Norte the Cibolo Creek joins the Rio Grande. This creek, 

 though dry at its mouth and for many miles above it, carries considerable 

 water at Shafter (Plazuela) and above, supplying the Shafter silver mills with 

 water and leaving a good surplus, though the greater portion of the water 

 runs under gravel and sand. No tributaries of the Rio Grande exist above 

 Presidio, with the exception of water courses wet only in rainy weather. 

 Green River and Glenn's Creek, which drain larger areas than any other 'of 

 the streams laid down on the maps, are in dry weather as dry as they are on 

 the maps. 



There are also a small number of springs of limited capacity in this part of 

 the country, some of which, being supplied only by the rainfall in the moun- 

 tain range, run nearly dry during the dry seasons. 



Trans-Pecos Texas is a mountainous country. The mountains rise from 

 the flats of the plateau which extends into New Mexico, sloping gradually 

 down in a southwestern and southeastern direction from the divide (Guada- 

 loupe Mountains and their southern extension). 



