CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Introduction 5 



The direct effects of shade 8 



Natural habitat of coffee '. 9 



Effect of shade on yield 10 



Effect of shade on quality 12 



Fermentation of coffee 14 



The indirect effects of shade - - 16 



Protection against drought 16 



Shade for seed beds and transplanted seedlings 17 



Shade as a local necessity 17 



Shade for Liberian coffee 21 



Protection against erosion 22 



Shelter from winds 24 



Fallen leaves as fertilizer 25 



Nitrification through shade 26 



Shade and fungous diseases . 29 



The effects of unwonted exposure 30 



The use of volunteer seedlings 30 



Overshading 31 



Removal of shade 32 



Shade and the coffee leaf-miner 34 



Methods of applying shade 36 



Conclusions 41 



List of coffee shade trees 42 



3 



