SHADE TREES AND CATCH CROPS. 51 



beans and the seeds are shelled and used in the same way. It is extensively culti 

 vated throughout British India, even at elevations of 6,000 feet, and has also been 

 introduced throughout the Tropics. In India it is usually planted as a mixed crop 

 with cotton and <»thcr products, though sometimes planted alone. There are several 

 varieties differing greatly in size, earliness, and other qualities. By some authors 

 Cajanus tricolor and ( '. flavus are treated as distinct species. 



The pigeon pea is said to be used in Brazil for planting with coffee to shade the 

 ground and prevent washing, and has also been recommended in India for the same 

 purpose. It is also thought to have value as a fertilizer and to be rich in potash. As 

 a leguminous plant of such a size as to afford shade to young coffee trees, the value of 

 this crop as an adjunct to coffee culture seems worthy of careful investigation. 



Cajanus bicolor. (See Cajanus indicus.) 



Cajanus flavus. (See Cajanus indicus.) 



Cajou (French Antilles). (See Anacardium occidentals.) 



Caladium esculentum. (See Colocasia esadenta.) 



Calophyllum calaba. 



Common name. — Galba (Guadeloupe). 

 This tree belongs to the family Clusiaceae. It is a large, quick-growing tree, and 

 has been found very useful for large hedges or windbreaks in the coffee plantations 

 of the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, but has the serious objection of not 

 permitting anything to grow T within 7 or 8 meters of its trunk. 



Cambulo. 



Recommended by Saenz for coffee shade in Colombia at low elevation where the 

 temperature exceeds 21° C. The trees are set at distances of 10 meters. 



Carica papaya. 



Common names. — Papaw; Papaya (Spanish America). 

 Mentioned by Yorba among the trees principally planted for coffee shade in 

 Mexico. 



Carrisso (Nicaragua). (See Clibadium.) 



Cashew. (See Anacardium occidentale.) 



Cassava (West Indies). (See Ifanihot utilissimum.) 



Cassia florida. 



Common names. — Djuas (Java) ; Djohar (Malay). 

 Fesca states that this species has the advantage of resisting drought w T ell, but is of 

 slow and irregular growth. According to Raoul, it grows very rapidly and has hard 

 and useful w< ood. The shade is considered too dense for use with coffee, with which 

 the large roots also interfere. 



Castano (Porto Rico). (See Artocarpus incisa.) 



Castilloa elastica. 



Common names. — Hule (Mexico); Ule (Mexico). 

 The planting of the rubber tree of Mexico and Central America as a shade tree for 

 cacao and coffee has been advocated in recent years by several writers on the agri- 

 cultural possibilities of those regions. While there may be localities in which it 

 would be possible to carry on profitably a mixed culture of this kind, the chances 

 are that in places adapted to rubber the wide planting necessary to permit the coffee 



