SHADE TREES AND CATCH CROPS. 53 



Erythrina, and where the wood becomes valuable at an age of 30 or 40 yearn. The 

 leaves are also said to be deciduous at the season when the sunlight is an advantage 

 to the cacao. 



Cedrela serrulata. 



Common name. — Surian (Java;. 

 Family Meliaceae. A native of Sumatra congeneric with C. odorata, the West 

 Indian or Spanish Cedar, from which the wood is obtained which is used in making 

 cigar boxes. The planting of this tree for shade has been advised in Java because 

 the wood is of value, but its use will probably be found impracticable if fertility and 

 not shade is the primary consideration. Moreover it is of rather slow growth and 

 when planted in the open does not tend to become tall, a specimen at Buitenzorg 15 

 years old being but 13 meters (40 feet) tall, with a circumference of somewhat over 

 2 feet. This rate of growth is only about half that recorded for the West Indian 

 species, the cultivation of which seems likely to prove profitable for its own sake, 

 though planting with coffee would not give conditions favorable to the production of 

 marketable timber. 



Cedrela toona. 



Common names. — Red cedar (British India) ; Noge (Coorg, India). 

 This species has been planted for shade and shelter in the Coorg district of India, 

 but is considered objectionable by Raoul on account of the fact that while young the 

 trees are subject to the attacks of numerous parasites, and subsequently they attain 

 such size that the coffee plantation is in a few years seriously injured by overshading. 

 It is also among the trees permitted to stand when the forests are only partly cleared 

 away. 



Ceiba casearia. (See Ceiba pentandra.) 



Ceiba pentandra. Silk cotton tree. 



Synonyms. — Ceiba casearia; Eriodendrum anfractuosum. 

 Common name — Kapok (Java). 



Used for coffee shade in East Africa (Ettling) and also in Java. Mr. David G. 

 Fairchild, agricultural explorer of this Department, reports that in the neighborhood 

 of Buitenzorg plantations are shaded with this tree, the use of which has probably 

 been taken up because of the diseases and other disadvantages of the dadap (Ery- 

 thrina lithosperma) . According to Lecomte a sort of oil cake made from the seeds of 

 this tree is used as a fertilizer for coffee in Java. 



It seems hardly possible that the Ceiba can exert any beneficial influence on the 

 coffee, though the planters who use it will possibly ascribe poor results to other 

 causes, since the shade cast by this tree is generally of the thin, open character 

 supposed by the planters of Java to be peculiarly grateful to the coffee. 



Challa. 



A plant used for cacao shade in the State of Taoasco, Mexico. (See discussion 

 under Madre chontal. ) 



Charcoal tree (British India). (See Trema orientalis.) 



Chataignier (French West Indies). (See Artocarpus incisa.) 



China tree. (See Melia azedarach.) 



Chontal. (See Madre chontal.) 



Cinchona succirubra. Cinchona. 



Family Rubiaceae. Cameron mentions Cinchona among the shade trees of the 

 coffee plantations of the Coorg district of British India, but states that it is "not 



