54 SHADE IN COFFEE CULTURE. 



classed as shade," for which purpose it would probably have no use, because even 

 less able than the coffee to endure hot, dry weather. 



Citrus aurantium. Orange. 



Used in Mexico for coffee shade. 

 Clibadium. 



Common name. — Carrisso (Nicaragua). 

 A composite shrub used in Nicaragua as primary shade for cacao is reported by 

 Hart and doubtfully referred to the genus Clibadium. 



Cochin. 



This is the preferred coffee-shade tree of Guatemala, according to Morren. It is an 

 indigenous species of rapid growth, and reaches a height of 25 to 30 feet. The 

 author mentioned considers the foliage too thick for best results. The leaves are 

 deciduous at the beginning of the rainy season, but new growth is soon put forth. 

 The dadap and sengon (Albizzia moluccana) are said to have been introduced into 

 Guatemala, but are not used for coffee shade. 



Coco (Jamaica). (See Colocasia esculenta.) 



Cocoanut. (See Oocos nucifera.) 



Cocohite. 



A tree used for cacao shade in the State of Tabasco, Mexico. (See discussion under 

 Madre chontal. ) 



Cocos nucifera. Cocoanut. 



Lock mentions a record of coffee as having done well in Ceylon under the shade of 

 cocoanut palms, and, as the latter are said to have flourished, the experiment was 

 probably made at a low elevation. 



Coffea liberica. Liberian coffee. 



It is by no means impossible that at low altitudes the planting of Liberian coffee 

 in alternation with Arabian might prove to be an advantageous arrangement. The 

 more vigorous growth of the Liberian would shade and protect the ground sooner 

 than would be the case with the Arabian planted alone. The latter might ultimately 

 be cut away when the Liberian trees were large enough to need all the space, but not 

 before several crops had been harvested. 



Colocasia antiquorum. (See Colocasia esculenta.) 



Colocasia esculenta. Taro. 



Synonyms. — Caladium esculentum; Colocasia antiquorum. 



Common names. — Coco (Jamaica); Eddo; Elephant's Ear; Oto (Panama); Tan- 



nia (French West Indies); Tannier (Trinidad); Taro (Polynesia); Tayaux 



(Santo Domingo) ; Yautia (Porto Rico). 



This well-known and much-named plant is recommended by Morris for shading 



young seedlings of cacao and is sometimes used similarly with coffee. The following 



reference is supposed to pertain to the same plant: 



I have seen the young trees successfully sheltered by rows of tayaux planted between 

 the rows, or every second row. But the roots must not be dug out, and the largest 

 leaves must be cut at the weedings. This seems in appearance to keep back the trees, 

 but in proportion as the growth of the top is slower, the trunk and roots gain force, 

 and when the tayaux are destroyed (which is done in the end of the second year by 

 cutting them close and choking the sprouts by leaves heaped upon the stocks) the 

 coffee trees resist the wind and grow with redoubled vigor. — Laborie, The Coffee 

 Planter of Saint Domingo, 1845, p. 118. 



