SHADE TREES AND OATCH CROPS. 63 



of the prevailing winds at distances of 100 meters. Such hedgesare used at elevations 

 when- permanent shade is thought not to be required but where protection from the 

 wind is necessary. In Venezuela and Colombia this is one of the favorite species for 

 coffee shade. It has also been imported and extensively used for the same purpose in 

 Porto Rico. As a possible objection to it may be noted the report that it is suscep- 

 tible to tin- disease called "niancha de hierro," or "iron rust," which has been very 

 destructive to coffee, especially in overshaded plantations. 



In Colombia Saenz recommends the planting of this species at 15 meters where the 

 temperature does not exceed 21° C; in hotter regions a distance of 10 meters is 

 advised. 



Inga saman. (See PLthecolobium saman.) 

 Inga vera. (See PL XV.) 



Common name. — Guava (Porto Rico). 



This species seems to be the favorite species in Porto Rico, with the related Inga 

 laurina, or guama, second. Both grow much less rapidly than the bucare (Ery- 

 fchrina) , but are less liable to injury by hurricanes. In well-kept plantations the lower 

 branches-are trimmed out and the upper form an even layer of rather open foliage. 

 But even where this amount of care is taken the shade is usually still too thick for 

 the coffee to make normally vigorous growth, and the crop would probably be 

 improved by the removal of alternate trees, so as to increase the distances to 30 or 

 40 feet. 



The name of this tree is likely to be confused by the visitor with that of Psidium 

 guajava, the well-known tropical fruit called guava in English, but which the Porto 

 Ricans more correctly term guayava. 



Inicuil. (See Inga inicuil.) 



Irvingia bararteri. Irvingia barteri. 



Planted for shade in the recently established coffee plantations of the German 

 colony of Kamerun. (Froehner.) 



Jack-fruit. (See Artocarpus integrifolia.) 



Jak. (See Artocarpus integrifolia.) 



Jambolan. (See Eugenia jambolana.) 



Jambosa jambos. Rose-apple. 



Synonyms. — Jambosa vulgaris; Eugenia jambos. 



Common names. — Pomme-rose (French Islands); Pomarosa (Spanish America). 

 Planted in the French Antilles in hedges for protecting coffee plantations against 

 the wind, and recommended in Jamaica for the same purpose with cacao. A myr- 

 taceous shrub or small tree, native in the Malay region, but now introduced in all 

 parts of the Tropics and escaped from cultivation in many countries. In Porto Rico 

 it is abundant in thickets in w r aste places, and furnishes the material from which 

 most of the larger baskets are made. Considerable amounts are also used for hoops 

 of the large sugar casks. It yields also an edible fruit which has a pleasant odor like 

 roses, whence the name. The leaves are long and narrow and resemble those of the 

 peach and oleander. 



Jambosa vulgaris. (See Jambosa jambos.) 

 Jatropha multifida (?). 



Common name. — Quelita (Nicaragua). 



A tree used as secondary shade for cacao in Nicaragua is reported by Hart as "a 

 Jatropha, near to Jatropha multifida." 



