32 USEFUL FIBER PLANTS OF THE WORLD. 



D. Brush fibers. 



1. Brushes manufactured from prepared fiber. 



(a) For soft brushes. (Substitutes for animal bristles, such as Tampico.) 



(b) For hard brushes. (Examples: Palmetto fiber, palmyra, kittul, etc.) 



2. Iirooms and whisks. 



(a) Grasslike fibers. (Examples: Broom root, broom corn, etc.) 



(b) Bass fibers; also for coarse brushes aud sweepers. (Monkey bass, 



Piassaba, etc.) 



3. Very coarse brushes and brooms. 



Materials used in street sweeping, etc. Usually twigs aud splints'. 



E. Plaiting and rough weaving fibers. 



1. Used in articles for attire, as hats, sandals, etc. 



(a) Straw plaits. From wheat, rye, barley, and rice straw. (Exam- 



ples: The commercial Tuscan and Japanese braids.) 



(b) Plaits from split leaves, chiefly palms and allied forms of vegetation. 



(Example : The celebrated Panama hats, from the finely divided 

 leaves of Carludovica palmata. 



(c) Plaits from various materials used entire and without preparation. 



(Example : Basts and thin woods used in millinery trimmings, etc. ; 

 Chinese sandals from rushes.) 



2. Mats and mattings ; also thatch materials. 



(a) The commercial mattings, from eastern countries. 



(b) Sleeping mats and other forms of mats or mattings, screens, etc., 



made by ''natives" for their own use. 



(c) Thatch or other covering or protection from the elements, made of 



tree basts, palm leaves, grasses, etc. 



3. llasketry- 



(a) Manufactures from woody fiber. (Commercial examples: Osier and 



splint baskets; the same forms produced by Indians, and includ- 

 ing also manufactures from sumac and other twigs, roots of 

 spruce, etc*) 



(b) From the whole or split leaves or stems of endogens, or from any 



rigid fibrous material, including also the culms of grasses. (Chiefly 

 Indian or native manufactures, from yucca leaves, palm leaves, 

 reeds, grasses, etc., used individually or in combinations.) 



4. Miscellaneous manufactures. 



Willow ware in various forms, chair bottoms from splints or rushes, etc. 



F. Various forms of filling. 



1. Stuffing or upholstery. 



(a) Wadding, batting, etc., usually commercially prepared lint cotton. 



(b) Feather substitutes. For filling cushions, pillows, etc., cotton; 



seed hairs or silk cottons, such as kapok, Asclepias down, etc. ; 

 tomentum, from the surfaces of stems, leaves, and leaf buds of 

 plants; other similar soft fibrous material. 



(c) Mattrass aud furniture filling. The tow or waste of prepared fiber'; 



unprepared bast; straw and grasses; substitutes for curled hair, 

 as Spanish moss, crin ve*ge"tal, maize husks, etc. 



2. Caulking. 



(a) Filling the seams in vessels, etc., oakum from various libers. 



(b) Filling the seams in casks, barrels, etc., leaves of reeds and giant 



grasses. 



3. Stiffening. 



In the manufacture of "staff" for building purposes, and as substitutes 

 for cow's hair in plaster. New Zealand flax; palmetto liber. 



