ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION. 33 



4. Parting. 



(a) In bulkheads, etc. (as in armored vessels). Examples: Coir, cellu- 

 lose of corn pith, etc. In machinery, as the valves of steam 

 engines, various soft fibers. 

 (6) For protection, usually in transportation; various fibers and soft 

 grasses; marine weeds, excelsior; also stuffing and upholstery 

 materials generally. 

 G. Paper material. 



1. Textile papers. 



(a) The spinning fibers in the raw state. The secondary qualities, or 

 the waste, from spinning mills, which may be used for paper 

 stock, including tow, jute butts, manila rope, etc. 



(6) Cotton or flax fiber that has already been spun and woven, but which 

 as rags find use as a paper material. 



2. Hast papers. 



This includes Japanese papers from soft basts, such as the paper mul- 

 berry (Broussoneiia), or species of the genus EdgewortMa. 



3. Palm papers. 



From the fibrous material of palms and similar monocotyledonous 

 plants. Example : Palmetto and Yucca papers. 



4. Baniboo and grass papers. 



This includes all paper material from gramineous plants, including the 

 bamboos, esparto, maize, and the true grasses. 



5. Wood pulp, or cellulose. 



The wood of spruce, poplar, and similar "paper pulp" woods, prepared 

 by various chemical and mechanical processes. 



It should be noted that an absolute economic classification of uses 

 with relation to species is impossible, as the same fiber may be used in 

 several ways. Manila hemp is manufactured into rope, and old manila 

 rope into manila paper. Cotton is used for fabrics, as a netting fiber, 

 for cordage, in upholstery, and in paper. In fact, there are very few 

 fibers which may not be made into paper, the amount of cellulose they 

 contain and the cost of the process by which they are converted being 

 the main considerations. The same plaut may also yield two kinds of 

 fibers, as lint cotton covering the seed, and cotton bast, stripped from 

 the stalk. 



12247— No. 9 3 



