DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 115 



beaten down into a hard mass with a pestle, and cut two holes toward the top end 

 so as to form a handle. These rude instruments are commonly nsed in the native 

 dances, the performer, holding by the handle, beats the lower end npon ihe ground, 

 and moves his feet in nnison with the sounds thus produced. (Treas. Botany.) 



Cedar, Gigantic Red, of the Pacific Coast. Thuja gigantea. 

 Ceiba (Mex.). See Bombax ceiba. 



The following nomenclature is given in Bernardin's List of 550 Textiles Fibers, 

 under the title " Duvet Brun" (brown downs or silk cottons) : Silk cotton, Domin- 

 ique; Sole de la Havane, Kawo-Tcmvo, Malais; Suffed-simul, Hind. ; Cotton, kapolc, S. 

 M. ; Guana, Cuba; Poor, Tel.; Pania, Paniala, Mai. (Eriodendron anfractuosum). 

 Duvet de Bimba, Peru; (Bombax sp.) Duvet de Ceiba, Cent. Am. ; Comaca, Demarara; 

 Pullom, Cote d'Afrique, (Bombax ceiba) Duvet de Lanero, Cuba; patte de lievre e'dre- 

 don vegetal, Antilles; Balsa, Cent. Am. (Ochroma lag opus). 



The Venezuelan flora possesses the following species: Bombax ceiba, B. cumanense, 

 B. septenatum, Eriodendron anfractuosum. These are called in common parlance 

 ceiba; but we prefer, with Andres Bello, the form ceibo, according to the analogy 

 with other species, as balso 6 lano, Ochroma lagopus. (Dr. Ernst.) 



The Bot. Mus. Harv. Univ. has fine* specimens of the fiber of C. lucia, from Costa 

 Rica. 



Ceiba pentandra. 



This is Eriodendron anfractuosum, or " Pochote" which see. 



In Millspaugh's Contributions to the Flora of Yucatan (Field Col. Mus. Pub., 

 No. 4, Bot. series), I find C. pentandra with notes as follows : "Pochote," " Peem," 

 Bombax pentandrum Linn., B. ceiba Linn., Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. Plentiful 

 throughout the peninsula. Under the general head Bombax, a few lines above, 

 occurs : Bombax ceiba, "ceiba" Yaxche, a tree 80 to 100 feet. Dr. Ernst, who was asso- 

 ciated with me in making the awards in group 9, W. C. E., 1893, refers "pochote" 

 to Eriodendron anfractuosum. 



Celastrus scandens. Climbing Bitter Sweet. 



Exogen. Celastracew. A vine. 



Common in eastern United States, its showy red berries making the species par- 

 ticularly marked. It has the habit of twining about other woody plants and even- 

 tually embedding itself in their bark so deeply that the spiral form is preserved after 

 cutting for canes, etc. 



Fiber. — The bark yields a good fiber, which many years ago was prepared exper- 

 imentally by Mr. Phippen, of Salem, and exhibited at the meeting of the Essex 

 Institute. 



Cellulose. 



The cellular structure of plants reduced by chemical means and purified ; as an 

 example, wood pulp. See Classification, p. 25, group 2, woody fibers, sub group d. 

 See also page 20; Corn-pith Cellulose, see Zea mays', Cotton and Wood Cellulose, see 

 under Artificial Silk. 



Celmisia coriacea. Leather Plant. "Tekapu." 



Exogen. Composite. 



Hills of South Island, New Zealand. Samples of the thick, leathery leaves of this 

 species were received from the Phil. Int. Exh., 1876. " Used for the manufacture of 

 garments." My only authority for this species is the exhibition label which accom- 

 panied the specimen, and notes made at Kew: "Leaves resemble corn husks, but 

 with a silky gloss. The garments are made by weaving together in longitudinal 

 layers." 



* Specimens. — Mus. U. S. Dept. Ag. 



