258 



USEFUL FIBER PLANTS OF THE WORLD. 



and it was proposed to utilize the product of the vast Camelote fields in paper man- 

 ufacture. While the paper made from this grass is not of fine quality, it is strong 

 and suitable for wrapping paper. 



A grass fiber exhibited in the Mexican Court, W. C. E., 1893, under the name Zacata 

 de Manati, is referred by Dr. Ramirez to P. crus-galli (fig. 88). " Zacate is aname given 

 to various species of Pa nicum; manati doubtless refers to its growing on the river banks 



where the manatee can feed upon 

 it." (Ernst.) The species is a 

 ( ommon weed in this country. 



The flowering panicles of Pani- 

 <.im <((<irii'i nan (now Thysanolama 

 agrostis) are made into brooms, 

 which are much used throughout 

 portions of India for sweeping 

 houses. P. maximum, Guinea 

 grass, is an American introduced 

 species, the fruiting spikes of 

 which are used for brooms in the 

 Seychelles, etc. See also Paspalum. 



Paper. 



The value of a paper material 

 depends largely, next to supply, 

 upon the percentage of pure cellu- 

 lose it contains. Esparto grass is 

 one of the best substances for paper 

 because of the high percentage of 

 fine fibrous or cellular tissue which 

 can be obtained from it. Five 

 groups of paper materials are 

 recognized in this work: 1. The 

 spinning fibers — («) in the form of 

 waste from textile industries, or 

 as second qualities; (&) the same 

 in the form of rags. 2. The soft 

 basts. 3. Palm-leaf fiber, etc. 

 4. The grasses. 5. Woody fiber, or 

 the natural wood of trees reduced 

 to cellulose. SeeLinunijGdssypium, 

 Corcliorus, Edgeworthia, Broussonetia, Serenga , Stipa, Banibusa, Zea, and the Graminea 

 generally, Pinus, Picea, Abies, PopuUs, and other genera in this work. See, par- 

 ticularly, Picea mariana, under which statements are made regarding the wood pulp 

 industry. 



Paper, Ancient (see Cyperus papyrus). 

 Paper birch (see Bet via). 



Paper mulberry (see Broussonetia papyrifera . 

 Papinjay (see Luffa cegyptiaca). 



Papyrus, of tlie ancients (see Cyperus papyrus; of Sicily. G. 



syria ens). 



Paritanewha. Few Zealand flax of the high regions. See Phormium. 

 Paritium elatum see Hibiscus rial us . 





-Barnyard grass, Panicum crus-galli. 



