DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 313 



used for headdresses arid hats, and an immense number and variety of ceremonial 

 headdresses are made from the material shredded. It also serves for covering of the 

 body, for kilts or skirts, for cradles or cradle linings, and the soft pads that are 

 placed on the heads of infants in flattening them. In their canoes the mat forms the 

 covering of the seat and the soft piece on which the rower or paddler kneels. In 

 fact, there is scarcely a common industry among these Indians into which this sub- 

 stance does not intrude itself. (Contributed by Dr. O. T. Mason.) 



Ti. New Zealand, Cordyline indivisa. In Tahiti, G. terminalis. 

 Tibisiri fiber (Br. Guian.). Mauritia flexuosa. 

 Tibouchina papyrifera. 



Exogen. Melastomacece. A tree. 



Thin, paper-like strips of bast from this specie are preserved in the Bot. Mus. Harv. 

 Univ., under the name Lasiandr a papyrus. They are creamy in color, and very fragile. 



Tiglio {lt.). = Tilia. 



Tilia americana. Linden. Basswood. 



Exogen. Tiliacece. A large tree, 60 to 125 feet. 



Common names. — Basswood, Am. linden, linn, lime tree, bee tree, white lind, 

 wickup, lein. 



Found in New Brunswick, west to the eastern shore of Lake Superior, and north 

 and west to Lake Winnipeg and the valley of the Assinniboine River, southward 

 through the Atlantic States to Virginia and the Alleghany Mountains, to Alabama 

 and Georgia, west and eastern Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, the Indian Territory, 

 and eastern Texas. 



"One of the most common trees in the northern forests. Largely sawn into lum- 

 ber, and under the name of whitewood, is used in manufacture of woodenware, 

 cheap furniture, the panels and bodies of carriages, and the inner soles of shoes. 

 One of the principal woods used for paper pulp, but unfit for white paper." (C. S. 

 Sargent.) 



Fiber. — The inner bark can be readily peeled into long strips of bast, which in 

 this country have found occasional use as rough cordage, and for coarse woven 

 mattings for nurserymen and florists with which to protect hotbeds. See T. cor- 

 data, etc. 



Tilia cordata, T. platyphyllos, and T. vulgaris. 



Syn. Tilia europcea. 



Common names. — Lime, linden (English); Tilo (Span.); Tiglio (It.); Tilleu 

 (Ft.). 



The above species, all of which have been known as T. europcea, are common in 

 different portions of Europe. The small leaved form is indigenous to Britain, but 

 the large-leaved variety is common in the south of Europe. The wood is used by 

 carvers and turners, and is prized by instrument makers for sounding-boards. 



Fiber. — Like the preceding species, the bast of European lindens is readily 

 extracted. It is used in Russia in the manufacture of an exceedingly coarse kind 

 of rope ; for making the matted shoes worn by the peasantry, and also for the man- 

 ufacture of the mats which are used to a considerable extent by furniture dealers 

 for packing. They are also used by gardeners as a covering or protection to glass 

 frames. For the larger and better kinds of mats, trees 8 to 16 years old are used, 

 which are cut when full of sap and the bark immediately separated from trunk and 

 branches. It is then stretched upon the ground to dry, two or more strips being 

 placed together. When required for use simple soaking in water separates the cor- 

 tical layers, the best of which are in the interior and the coarsest on the outside. 

 As many as 14,000,000 pieces of matting have been produced in Russia alone in a 



