328 USEFUL FIBER PLANTS OF THE WORLD. 



Wild Ipecacuanha. Asclepias curassavica. 



Wild mahoe. Malvaviscus arboreus. 



Wild okra. Malachra capitata. 



Wild pineapple (W. Ind.). Bromelia pinguin. 



Wild rice. Zizania aquatica. 



Willow, Species of (see Salix). 



Willow herb. Bpilobium angustifolium. 



Wina (Br. Guian.). Probably Leeythis (Ernst), which see. 



Wine palm of Para (Braz.). Mauritia mnifera. 



Wissadula rostrata (see Abutilon periplodfolium.) 



Wistaria chinensis. 



A genus of leguminous plants found in Japan, China, and North America. TV. 

 frutescens is a well-known climber with conspicuous flowers. Cultivated on trellises 

 and walls in this country. JT. chinensis is stated, on the authority of Savorgnan, to 

 yield a fiber, in Italy, which is very white and line, and which may serve for light 

 textures. 



The revised name of this genns is Kraunhia. 



Wood reed grass. JEpicampes rigens. 

 Woodwardia radicans. The Chain Fern. 



A genus of Filices represented in mauy portions of the globe, the above species 

 occurring on the Pacific Coast. 



Structural Fiber. — This fern has two long stalks, each containing two fibro- 

 vascular bundles, in the shape of large, flattened brown threads, tough and flexible. 

 While still fresh the stalks are bruised and pounded so as to liberate the threads, 

 which are then cleaned and stained in an infusion of alder bark. These threads 

 become brittle in drying and must be used moist. (Dr. V. Hararcl.) 



An allied species. Sadleria cyaiheoides,v.-hich is common on all the Hawaiian Islands, 

 is another fiber fern. "The soft, curly, hair-like scales are gathered for the same 

 purpose as the hairs of Cibotiuni, and are called pulu amamau. In former times the 

 stipites, macerated in water, were beaten together with the bast of l mamake } or 

 'waulce,' to serve as a sizing, perhaps also to impart a reddish dye, in the manufac- 

 ture of 'kapa ; or native cloth." (Hillebrand. I See also Adiantum. 



Woody fiber see Classification in the Introduction, page 25). 

 Wrack grass (U. S. and Europe). Zostera marina. 

 Wuckoo (Ind.). Crotalaria juncea. 

 Wiigsi (Hopi.). Muhlenbergia pungens. 



Xanthorrhoea australis. Resin ( iRASs Tree. 



Endogen. Liliacecp. Palm-like tree. 



The species of Xanthorrhaa are known to the natives of Australia as black boy or 

 grass gum trees. Most of the Bpecies have thick trunks, though in sonic the trunk 

 is quite short. Two species yield forms <>r' resin. 



Structural Fiber. — X. australis is mentioned by l>r. Gnilfoyle as a fiber plant. 

 "A small percentage of silky fiber can be extracted, which probably is of little 

 value, although the trunk yield- a fragrant resin, which has been used as a varnish, 



