APPENDIX XII 

 MAP PROJECTIONS 



MERCATOR 



LAMBERT 

 CONFORMAL 

 CONIC 



POLAR 

 STEREOGRAPHIC 



PARAL- 

 LEL 



PARALLEL STRAIGHT LINES 

 UNEQUALLY SPACED. 



ARCS OF CONCENTRIC CIRCLES 

 EQUALLY SPACED. 



ARCS OF CONCENTRIC CIRCLES 

 UNEQUALLY SPACED. 



MERID- 

 IAN 



PARALLEL STRAIGHT LINES 

 EQUALLY SPACED. 



STRAIGHT LINES CONVERGING AT 

 A POINT OUTSIDE OF MAP. 



STRAIGHT LINES RADIATING 

 FROM POLE. 



LULJ 

 0_J 

 Z3 



<o 



< 



Q 



UJ 



h- 

 O 

 UJ 



~3 



o 



en 

 a. 



CIRCUMSCRIBED CYLINDER 



SECANT CONE 



PLANE TANGENT AT POLE 



tn 



UJ 



i- 

 cc 



Ul 

 Q. 



o 



<r 



Q. 



STRAIGHT LINES ARE RHUMB 



LINES . 

 CONFORMAL. 



CONVENIENT PLOTTING. 

 TRUE AREAS NOT SHOWN. 

 STRAIGHT LINES NOT GREAT 



CIRCLES. 

 TRUE DISTANCES NOT SHOWN. 

 GREAT DISTORTION IN HIGH 



LATITUDES. 



TRUE SHAPES. 



AREAS GOOD. 



DISTANCE GOOD. 



TRUE DIRECTIONS. 



SMALL NORTH-SOUTH LIMIT 

 OF PROJECTION FOR AC- 

 CURACY. 



PLOTTING FAIR. 



NOT SATISFACTORY FOR 



AREAS CLOSE TO EQUATOR. 



TRUE SHAPE. 



ONLY AZIMUTHAL PROJECTION 

 WITH NO ANGULAR DISTOR- 

 TION. 



TRUE AREAS NOT SHOWN. 



SCALE INCREASES IN ALL 

 DIRECTIONS FROM CENTER. 



USES 



USED FOR AREAS CENTERED 

 IN TROPICAL LATITUDES. 



USED FOR AREAS CENTERED IN 

 MIDDLE LATITUDES. 



USED FOR NORTHERN AND 

 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 

 HIGH LATITUDES. 



445 



