12-22. The northern extension of the Gulf Stream 

 is called the 



1. Florida Current 



2. Antilles Current 



3. North Atlantic Current 



4. North Equatorial Current 



12-23. Which North American current is similar 

 to the Kuroshio Current in its flow and 

 climatological influence? 



1. North Pacific Current 



2. Florida Current 



3. Antilles Current 



4. California Current 



12-28. Which of the following areas are charac- 

 terized by cool summers, relatively mild 

 winters, and a small range of tempera- 

 tures? 



1. East coasts of continents in the 

 lower middle latitudes 



2. West coasts of continents in middle 

 and higher latitudes 



3. East coasts of continents in the 

 higher middle latitudes 



4. West coasts of continents in tropical 

 and subtropical latitudes 



12-24. Before they meet at about 40° S lat, turn 

 eastward, and develop great swirls in the 

 middle section of the South Atlantic, how 

 do the Brazilian and Falkland Currents 

 compare with one another in temperature 

 and salinity? 



1. Brazilian - low temperature, high 

 salinity; Falkland - high tempera- 

 ture, low salinity 



2. Brazilian - high temperature, low 

 salinity; Falkland - low temperature, 

 high salinity 



3. Brazilian - low temperature, low 

 salinity; Falkland - high tempera- 

 ture, high salinity 



4. Brazilian - high temperature, high 

 salinity; Falkland - low temperature, 

 low salinity 



12-25. Clouds and fog along the southwest coast 

 of Africa are attributed to the 



1. Brazilian Current 



2. Falkland Current 



3. Benguela Current 



4. Guinea Current 



Learning Objective: Indicate hori- 

 zontal and vertical structures of 

 the earth's water masses, some of 

 their characteristics and factors 

 that contribute to their formation, 

 and relate types of water masses 

 with geographic locations and ocean 

 circulation. 



12-29. Which of the following statements about 

 water mass arrangement is NOT correct? 



1. Water masses are found to remain 

 within more well defined areas than 

 air masses 



2. In middle and low latitudes the 

 vertical arrangement of water masses 

 allows identification of surface, 

 upper, intermediate, and deep water 



3. In high latitudes the vertical 

 arrangement of water masses consists 

 of surface, upper, and deep water 



4. The upper water in high latitude 

 water masses is similar to the 

 intermediate water there 



12-26. What currents of the South Atlantic Ocean 12-30. 

 and the South Pacific Ocean, bringing 

 similar climatological conditions to the 

 western coasts of Africa and South America 

 respectively, are branches of the West 

 Wind Drift? 



1. Peru and Benguela 



2. Peru and East Australian 



3. Benguela and East Australian 



4. East Australian and Falkland 



12-27. The currents that warm southern Alaska in 

 winter and cool the west coast of the 

 United States in spring and summer are 

 branches of the 12-31. 



1. Oyashio Current 



2. Kuroshio Current 



3. Aleutian Current 



4. North Pacific Current 



Which of the following statements about 

 the formation of a water mass is correct? 



1. Water density increases horizontally 

 toward the poles and vertically with 

 depth 



2. Water spreads horizontally until it 

 reaches a certain density and then 

 it sinks 



3. Vertical and horizontal water density 

 distribution is farthest apart in the 

 middle latitudes 



4. A water mass can only be formed when 

 surface waters sink 



Water masses that owe their creation to 

 subsurface mixing are found in the 



1. South Atlantic Ocean 



2. northern Indian and Pacific Oceans 



3. equatorial Indian and Pacific Oceans 



4. equatorial Atlantic and Pacific Oceans 



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