64 RIO JANEIRO. 



The Mudjana or Mutchana are one of a number of savage tribes 

 who inhabit the country inland of Makua and Mocacougua, with 

 whom they carry on a continual war, for the purpose of procuring 

 slaves. The best known of these are the Mudjana, the Mananji, the 

 Maravi, and the Makonde. The Mudjana dwell about three hundred 

 miles from the coast, and are among the ugliest of the African tribes. 

 They are short and ill-formed, with the usual negro features in their 

 most exaggerated forms. They have on the face and body cicatrices 

 in the shape of a double cross or star, disposed without regularity. 

 The incisions are made when they are children, and some kind of 

 wood is rubbed upon them to give a dark colour. 



The Mokonde, similarly located, have marks like to those of the 

 Mudjana. Their teeth are filed down in the centre, the sides of each 

 tooth being left like those of the Angoyas. 



All these blacks are from different parts of the coast, and having 

 been hostile tribes, retain much of their antipathy to each other. In 

 general they are kindly treated, and become firmly attached to their 

 masters ; more, however, from a clannish feeling than from gratitude, 

 of which virtue they seem to possess little. They are baptized by their 

 owners as soon as purchased, and in the cities attend mass regularly, 

 and go to confession, but they are ngver thought to become entirely 

 civilized. Those who receive their freedom in reward for faithful 

 services, or purchase it, conduct themselves well; their descendants 

 are much superior in point of intelligence. Many of them own slaves, 

 and prove much more severe masters than the whites. Male slaves 

 are put to any trade or craft they may desire. Females are for the 

 most part employed as mantua-makers, and almost all the finery worn 

 by the higher circles at public fetes is made by slaves. Indeed, many 

 masters and mistresses are dependent on the labour of their slaves for 

 their daily support. There are some blacks who are priests, and 

 others officers in the army ; indeed, some of the deputies would not 

 pass for white men elsewhere. 



Another remarkable circumstance that strikes the visiter is the 

 absence of beggars. Many disgusting objects may be seen among the 

 slave population, but I do not recollect having met with a beggar. I 

 have understood that they are not suffered to appear in the streets. 

 This is the law in almost all cities, but here it is rigidly observed. 

 Charitable institutions are extensively endowed, particularly that of 

 the Misericordia. 



The streets of the city generally cross each other at right angles. 

 Some few of them have sidewalks, but they are- narrow and badly 

 paved. The gutters are in the middle of the streets, with a stream of 

 water which emits a smell by no means agreeable. Those most 



