294 POLITICAL HISTORY OF PERU. 



and Peru to the Spanish flag. However wise the latter measure might 

 have been in a commercial point of view, it was ill-timed, for the pre- 

 judices against the old Spaniards are yet extremely strong in South 

 America, and especially in Peru. 



Santa Cruz's policy seems to have been to attach foreigners to his 

 person and government, and they for the most part spoke favourably 

 of him ; but as he gained ground with them he lost it w 7 ith his coun- 

 trymen, and those who were and ought to have been his supporters 

 were disappointed and mortified to see him pursue such a course. 

 The Peruvians are conceited, proud, and destitute of that education 

 and knowledge which would enable them to understand the necessity 

 of asking foreigners for advice respecting their commercial regula- 

 tions. 



Santa Cruz, believing himself firmly established in Peru, was desirous 

 of seeking popularity abroad ; and for this purpose wished to have it 

 understood that he was disposed to encourage trade with foreign 

 nations. 



Chili again despatched to Peru the same troops, augmented by 

 reinforcements, under the command of General Bulnes. With them, 

 as in the former expedition, came the proscribed Peruvians, among 

 whom was General Gamarra. 



Previous to the arrival of the Chilian expedition, Orbejoso, who had 

 been appointed, by Santa Cruz, President of North Peru, revolted 

 against his authority, and declared the Confederation dissolved. In 

 this he was joined by General Nieto. Orbejoso, however, opposed the 

 Chilians, and declined their assistance, telling them that if they were 

 seeking Santa Cruz, they might seek for him elsewhere. Bulnes 

 replied that he must remain ; disembarked his troops, and encamped 

 near Lima. The next morning, as one of his regiments was removing 

 to a more favourable position for water, Orbejoso thought that he in- 

 tended an attack, and, determining to anticipate it, marched against him, 

 ordering General Nieto to follow. The latter, wishing to play chief, 

 kept back. Bulnes, finding himself unexpectedly attacked, ordered an 

 advance on the Peruvians, drove them before him, and after the 

 battle* entered Lima with his troops, where he maintained himself; 

 Orbejoso, after his defeat under the walls of Lima, secreted himself in 

 that city, and thence, in a few days, fled to the Castle of Callao, where 

 he remained until Santa Cruz again entered Lima. He then embarked 



* This was witnessed by many persons from the housetops and steeples, who represent 

 it as little better than a massacre ; scenes occurred that were revolting to the sight. The 

 history of this so-called battle will be a dark spot on the escutcheons of both Chili and Pe r u, 

 if the full details be ever given. 



