CONCLUSIONS. 507 
137, 29, 60, 97, 101, 118, 121), or serpent (29, 48, 61, 63, 74), 
or something that of a rattle snake (39); and evidently seen in a 
somewhat oblique direction, it is said to be shaped much like 
that of a sea-turtle (38). I can only explain these different compar- 
isons by supposing that to some extent the head really resembles 
these various head shapes, being flattened above and somewhat 
blunt at its end. Though the officers of the Daedalus, too, com- 
_ pared it with that of a snake, their drawing (fig. 30) shows the 
head of a mammal. The proportions of the length and height, the 
outlines of the jaws, the extension of the mouth-split, the situation 
of the nostril and the eye, the flattened appearance of the forehead 
and nose, the bluntness of the snout and the presence of the two 
cushions on the crown of the head (the external visible masticatory 
muscles) are true mammalian characters. It therefore is not won- 
derful also to find such a head compared with that of a bull-dog 
(152 4), that of a walrus (129), that of a seal (8, 29, 148), and 
that of a sea-lion (36). When the animal held its head at nearly 
right angles with its neck, which has often been the case, and 
opened its nostrils as wide as possible (and the nostrils are exceed- 
ingly large), such a head, with its flattened nose and forehead, 
and with its somewhat protruding eyes, resembled that of a horse 
(9, 63, 124). We observe that the head is compared with seven different 
head-shapes, jive of which are mammalian. It is obvious that the 
observers compared it with the heads of those animals which in- 
volontarily and at once occurred to them. To which of these types 
are we to direct our attention? Which of these types will the sea- 
serpent’s head resemble most? I say, that of the sea-lion. And why? 
Because the animal, with the head of which that of the sea-serpent 
was compared, was not present at the time, except in Mr. Krivxor’s 
case. He was daily surrounded by sea-lions; the image of the sea- 
lion's head was as firmly impressed on his memory as that of a 
dog on his master’s; and I greatly doubt whether the other ob- 
servers were acquainted with sea-lions. These animals, especially the 
species of the Northern Pacific, are only of late years to be seen 
in the zoological gardens, and it remains to be found out whether 
the most recent eye-witnesses of the sea-serpent ever saw a sea-lion, 
and if so, whether the features of the animal had been impressed 
on their memory so as to recognize the same shape in the head 
of another animal. Moreover the head of a sea-lion, especially that 
of Zalophus califormanus has some resemblance to a snake's. 
The neck being round is said to resemble “something of a ser- 
