20 CONCLUSIONS. 
animals emit some strong odour; viz. to drive away their enemies, 
or to recognize one another, either in the neighbourhood or from 
afar, or to flatter and to attract the other sex. With which pur- 
pose sea-serpents emit a strong odour, this surely will be very 
difficult to decide, but in all probability they smell it themselves. 
4. Hearing. The observations about the animal’s hearing are, 
as may be expected, but very few. That an animal hears, can 
only be asserted when it gives unmistakable signs that it has heard, 
for instance a sudden turning of its head towards the origin of 
sound, or the running away from it. So we have the statements 
that the sea-serpent “was not pleased with the noise of our oars” 
(69); “the fishermen advise to be very quiet when a sea-serpent 
approaches and to avoid rowing, because the least noise attracks 
it still more” (p. 259); “on both days it seemed to keep about 
us, and as we were always rowing then, we were inclined to ~ 
think it might perhaps be attracted by the measured sound of — 
the oars” (137, 138); “on my coo-ee the fish started off seawards 
out of sight and under water’ (150). 
9. Sight. — The numerous statements that a sea-serpent swims 
with its head some feet above the surface of the water prove that 
it looks straight before it. Further we have found it several times 
mentioned that it followed a boat, and finally the assertion that 
it raised its head and neck several feet above the water, evidently 
to take a survey towards the ship passing, or to take a view of 
objects, or to look about for prey (81, 36, 60, 63, 74, p. 225, 
805195; 121, 128; Tsily, 145, 1495 alis2sa): 
ec. Functions of the muscular system: 
1. Relative mobihty of organs. We have already mentioned that 
the eyes, like the nostrils and the mouth, may be shut or opened 
wide. Yet they do not seem to be very movable (103). 
The head may be held at right angles with the neck (70, fig. 
24). The animal can bend its neck in several directions, moving 
it like that of a swan (124, 151, fig. 49), consequently bent dor- 
so-ventrally in the form of a stretched S. When only the forepart 
of the neck, curved in such a way, is visible above water, the 
observers naturally say that it is curved (97), or bent in a semi- 
circle (115). It can also turn its head a little sideways (60, 63, 
93). The swimming in vertical undulations is surely a proof of 
dorso-ventral flexibility. It has the power to hold its body in a 
