5DA . CONCLUSIONS. 
culata, especially in Zalophus californianus, viz: all are slender: 
“The body is rather slender, and the head is narrow, long, and 
pointed, and with this slenderness of form is coordinated a cor- 
responding litheness of movement’. (ArtEn, History of North 
American Pinnipeds, p. 276). It may be that the hindflappers 
have a form hitherto unknown in Pinnipeds, as we have of the 
hindflappers neither a description nor any tolerable illustration. The 
forehead being flat, very much resembles that of Zalophus cahfor-— 
mianus. The snout or muzzle too, is of all Pinnipeds most resem- 
bling that of Zalophus califormianus. 
All Pinnipeds have whiskers. In some species they are large, 
as in Callorlinus ursinus, the sea-bear, in other comparatively 
small, as in Monachus tropicaus Gray, and in the males of the 
genus Macrorhinus, and even very small in the T'richecidae. 
The eyes of Megophias megophias seem to be comparatively larger 
than those in other species of Pinnipeds, though Otaria jubata 
and Phoca foetida are known to have comparatively large eyes. I 
have nowhere found any remark about the colour of the eye, with 
regard to its tapetum lucidum, and till now I have had no oppor- 
tunity to convince myself of the ¢apetum of Zalophus or Humetopias 
being red. But is it not remarkable that Mr. H. W. Exxior too 
asserts of Mumetopias Steller:: “it has a really leonine appearance 
and bearing, greatly enhanced by the rich, golden-rufous of its 
coat, ferocity of expression, and budl-dog-like muzzle and cast of eye’ ? 
(AuiEN, Hist. N. Am. Pinn. p. 258). 
Skin. — As in all Pinnipeds the skin is hairy, most probably 
the hairs are quite stiff and not woolly like fur. | 
Colours, Individual Variations. — We have only to read differ- 
ent descriptions of seals, sea-lions, and sea-bears, to observe that 
every species varies much as to its colour, but that im some there 
is a wide range of individual variations. Only in a few species the 
under part is darker than the upper part, but generally the upper 
part is much darker than the under part, and with regard to their 
colours the animals are so to say longitudinally divided into two 
sections, dark above, lighter beneath. Their being variegated with 
spots or streaks occurs in many species, less in sea-lions and sea- 
bears, more in seals, but is the most striking im the Hooded Seal 
(Cystophora cristata, (Erxt) Nirss.). If we closely examine this 
species, the question arises: is not the lighter colour the ground- 
colour, and are not the dark spots and streaks and circles secon- 
dary appearances? And I think that this question must be ans- 
