558 CONCLUSIONS. 
I don’t know if sea-lions have ever been seen swimming with 
fixed bunches, or folds. When at rest their skin may enormously 
wrinkle, like that of walruses, and as is shown in our fig. 78. 
In swimming the sea-lion usually holds its head above water, 
and may occasionally raise its long neck as high as possible to take 
a view of a boat or another object. 
Owing to the form and size of its flappers the speed of the sea- 
lion is really astonishing; it 1s much less in seals. 
Though in a less degree, than in sea-serpents, the water curls 
up before its chest, or better throat, in swimming; foam is occa- 
sionally observed, and waves are seen in the form of a V, a wake 
is of course formed, and a rushing may be heard at times. 
That seals swim so low under the surface of the water, that the 
course of the animal can be traced only by the rippling surface, I 
have myself witnessed, but I do not know if sea-lions, especially , 
if Zalophus califormianus, are in the habit of swimming in this way. 
The manner of disappearing of the sea-serpent is exactly the 
same as that of other Pinnipeds. They may turn down with a 
severe splash, or sink gradually below the surface, or even, by a 
sudden upward motion of their flappers, “sink down like a rock”. 
As to the voice of other Pinnipeds it is different in the different 
species, but as we have not a single statement of the voice of sea- 
serpents, comparison is out of the question here. 
Generation. — 'The rutting time and the time of whelping differ 
in different species, but on an average the month of March and 
April may be fixed upon as the paring time, and July and August 
as those in which the females bring forth the young ones. 
In some species the males are much larger than the females, and 
the new born young ones, like the young sea-serpents are in exact 
proportion to the old males, as may be seen from the following table. 
NAME. VERY OLD | NEW BORN RATIO. | 
MALE, YOUNG ONE. 
Zalophus californianus Oued 2 ieukte 1/,—1/, 
Macrorhinus angustirostris 225 ae 4» Vie 
Eumetopias Stelleri 130») | Di soy ‘4,— "zy 
Callorhinus ursinus 8.» 10 in. 1/,.—"Yq 
Taking notice of objects. It is well enough known that seals 
