CONCLUSIONS. 559 
will sometimes keep near a vessel, turning their head towards it; 
or will play round the vessel, disappearing on one side, reappearing 
on the other, as if playing hide and seek; from this it may be 
concluded they are in no dread of the vessel, but are curious, and 
suspicious of the living objects on it. I don’t know whether sea- 
lions and sea-bears behave in the same way, but I know that wal- 
ruses do. 
Curiosity and Suspicion are known characters in all kinds of 
Pinnipeds, and it is noteworthy that they are most striking in 
walruses and seals. 
Harmlessness and Timidity. There is hardly any Pinniped which 
is not harmless and timid. | 
Fearlessness is a common trait mm walruses and _sea-elephants. 
One may come very near them. On the other hand scores of them, 
especially of the former, will sometimes follow a boat, roaring and 
crying and uttering the most horrible sounds, which may be ex- 
pressions of their curiosity, suspicion, and fury, but it may also 
be a way they have of driving away their enemy. 
Fear on the contrary, though less noticeable in walruses, is a 
prominent trait in seals, sea-lions and sea-bears. When men approach 
them they fly away as fast as possible, and in their hurry to 
reach the water crawl over each other, and roar, and cry, and 
lament in a most horrible way. 
Fright. \t is superfluous to touch upon this subject in Pinnipeds; 
every one knows the effects and consequences of a shot at these 
timid animals. 
Fury. As in sea-serpents, most Pmnipeds, but especially sea-lions , 
sea-bears and walruses only get furious when wounded, or when 
neared while they are protecting their offspring. 
Toughness. 1 know of no observations about this character in 
seals, sea-lions, sea-bears, and sea-elephants, but I believe that 
they are not tough; one heavy blow with a thick cudgel on the 
nose killing them instantly, but the toughness of walruses is known 
well enough; these animals are not an easy prey; they may be 
struck with axes on their cranium and hit by several rifle balls in 
their brain, and yet not die; they die a hard death. | 
Playsomeness is « well known character of all Pinnipeds; it may 
of course be less observable in the bulky and unwieldy walruses. 
Remark. \t is time that the volume comes to an end, and there- 
fore | have made my comparison as short as possible. I have only 
to advise those who wish to know more about the agreement of 
