CHAPTER VI. 
SOUTHERN OREGON. 
184 1 . 
The last chapter closed with the arrival of Lieutenant Emmons and 
his party at San Francisco. I shall now give some account of the 
operations of this party, and of the country they passed through. The 
difficulties which were experienced in the organization of the party, 
have already been alluded to in another place, and need not be re¬ 
peated. There remain to be described some of the articles of his 
equipment, in the preparation of which much time was consumed, and 
which were absolutely necessary for the success of the expedition. 
The principal part of the provision was flour ; this is packed in sacks ; 
the sacks are again enclosed in a “ parflesh” made of hide, to protect 
them from being torn to pieces by the boughs of trees and underwood; 
this rests upon a pack-saddle, by which the load is firmly secured on 
the horse; while, to protect his back from injury, a thick saddle-cloth 
called “ appichemens” lies beneath the pack-saddle. These articles 
are represented in the annexed cut. 
To these are to be added the trail-rope and lash-cord, six or eight 
fathoms in length. These trails drag on the ground, and are intended 
for the purpose of catching the horses. Now, all these articles were 
to be prepared in a country where no mechanic is to be found; and 
