242 
SOUTHERN OREGON. 
stream they had been following for the last few days, and is supposed 
by some to take its rise in Pitt Lake; but this I very much doubt, as 
it lies on the other side of the Cascade or Californian Range, and the 
two united form the Sacramento. 
Though I have dignified these two streams with the name of rivers, 
it must not be supposed that they are really such, in our acceptation of 
the word. The party are generally of the opinion that they should be 
called creeks. 
They encamped late in the evening near a small rivulet, to the west¬ 
ward of the Sacramento. They had much difficulty with their horses, 
which had now become tired out. For this reason it became necessary 
to abandon one of them, as he was unable to proceed any further. 
On the 10th they made an early start, and left the mountains. The 
width of the range they had passed through was upwards of one hun¬ 
dred miles. At one place Guardipii, their guide, lost his way ; but on 
applying to Warfields’ Indian wife, she pointed out the trail without 
difficulty. 
They had now passed into the Sacramento Valley, and had met with 
some of the Kinkla tribe of Indians, who were knowrn to be friendly, 
and they became relieved from anxiety. The botanical character of 
the landscape changed as suddenly: instead of firs, pines, &c., they 
found themselves among sycamores, oaks, and cotton-wood trees. 
The oaks bear a variety of acorns, which are equally the food of the 
bears and the Indians. The prairie bordering the Sacramento at this 
place is about fifty feet below the upper prairie, and continues for 
many miles very regularly on the same level; the latter falling into it 
by a sloping bank. 
SACRAMENTO INDIAN. 
In the evening the camp was visited by many of these friendly and 
