80 KAUAIANDOAHU. 



beautiful native plant, producing very large flowers in clusters, of a 

 deep orange, with a bright scarlet tint,) in full flower. Seeds of this 

 plant were obtained, and Mr. Brackenridge has succeeded in raising 

 plants of it in the conservatory at Washington. It will prove a valu- 

 able and highly ornamental addition to our green-houses. 



This district, unlike others of the island, is watered by copious and 

 excellent springs, that gush out at the foot of the mountains. From 

 these run streams sufficient for working sugar-mills. In consequence 

 of this supply, the district never suffers from drought, and the taro- 

 patches are well supplied with water by the same means. 



The soil on the sides of the hills is a hard red clay, deemed useless 

 except for pasturage. Here and there in the valleys passing through 

 these hills and in the low grounds, is found a soil capable of producing 

 all the varieties of tropical vegetation.* 



There is every indication that an elevation of the island has taken 

 place : the flat land is now fifty or sixty feet above the level of the 

 ocean, and the upper rock has the appearance of calcareous sandstone. 

 The latter lies on a bed of lava, part of which is above, but a greater 

 portion below the ocean level. There are above this rock and on the 

 plain behind some horizontal beds of sea-worn pebbles. It seems 

 remarkable, however, that although this upper rock will effervesce 

 with acids, yet all attempts that have been made to convert it into 

 lime have failed. It has been put into the same kiln with the present 

 reef coral, and while the latter produced good lime, the former came 

 out unchanged, — a pretty conclusive proof that it is not coral rock, as 

 it appeared to be. As this rock will be treated of in the Geological 

 Report, I shall refer the reader to it for further information. 



At Ewa, Mr. Bishop has a large congregation. The village com- 

 prises about fifty houses, and the country around is dotted with them. 

 The village presents an appearance of health and cleanliness, clearly 

 indicating the influence Mr. Bishop has exerted over his flock, in 

 managing which he is much aided by his lady. 



The church is a large adobe building, situated on the top of a small 

 hill, and will accommodate a great number of persons. Mr. Bishop 

 sometimes preaches to two thousand persons. 



The natives have made some advance in the arts of civilized life ; 

 there is a sugar-mill which, in the season, makes two hundred pounds 

 of sugar a day. They have been taught, and many of them are now 

 able to make their own clothes, after the European pattern. There is 

 a native blacksmith and several native carpenters and masons, who 

 are able to work well. 



In 1840, the church contained nine hundred members, seven hundred 



