174 KILAUEA. 



full of lava, running over at the lower or northern side, when Dr. Judd 

 was enabled to dip up a pan of it ; it was. however, too cold to take an 

 impression, and had a crust on its top. On a second trial he was suc- 

 cessful, and while it was red hot, he endeavoured to stamp it with a 

 navy button, but the whole sunk by its own weight, being composed of 

 a frothy lava, and became suddenly cold, leaving only the mark of the 

 general shape of the button, without any distinct impression. The cake 

 he thus obtained, (for it resembled precisely a charred pound-cake,) 

 was added to our collections, and is now in the hall where they are 

 deposited. This lake I have designated as Judd's Lake, and believe 

 that few will dispute his being entitled to the honour of having it called 

 after him. Dr. Judd now found that he had no time to lose, for the 

 lava was flowing so rapidly to the north, that their retreat might be cut 

 off, and the whole party be destroyed. They therefore at once took 

 leave of the spot, and only effected their escape by running. When the 

 danger was past, Dr. Judd began to feel some smarting at his wrists 

 and elbows, and perceived that his shirt was a little scorched. By the 

 time he reached the tents, and we had examined him, he was found to 

 be severely burned on each wrist, in spots of the size of a dollar, and 

 also on his elbows, and wherever his shirt had touched his skin. 

 Kalumo's whole face was one blister, particularly that side which had 

 been most exposed to the fire. 



The crater had been previously measured by Dr. Judd, and was 

 found to be thirty-eight feet deep by two hundred feet in diameter. 

 The rapidity of its filling (in twelve minutes) will give some idea of 

 the quantity of the fluid mass. 



Towards evening, although very much fatigued, we walked down to 

 the edge of the bank, to have a view of the eruption that was flowing 

 from this small lake ; and although I had thought it impossible that the 

 appearance the great burning lake presented on my first visit could be 

 exceeded, yet this far surpassed it. The most brilliant pyrotechnics 

 would have faded before what we now saw. A better idea of the light 

 given out by this volcano, will be obtained by the fact that it some- 

 times produces rainbows in the passing rain-clouds, one of which was 

 seen by Mr. Drayton. The whole bottom of the crater north of Judd's 

 Lake, upwards of a mile and a half in length and half a mile in width, 

 was covered with fluid lava, running in streams, as though it had been 

 water. These here and there divided, and then joined again, tumbling 

 in rapids and falls over the different ledges. The streams were of a 

 glowing cherry-red colour, illuminating the whole crater around ; the 

 large lake beyond seemed swelling and becoming more vivid, so that 

 we expected every moment to see an overflow from it of greater gran- 



