CLASSIFICATION AND CREATION 53 
one would hardly suspect that they were endewed 
with life. To the superficial observer they all 
look alike, and it is not strange, that, before they 
had been more carefully investigated, they should 
have been associated together as the lowest divis- 
ion of the Animal Kingdom, representing, as it 
were, a border-land between animal and vegeta- 
ble life. But since the modern improvements in 
the microscope, Ehrenberg, the great master in 
microscopic investigation, has. shown that many 
of these little globules have an extraordinary 
complication of structure. Subsequent investi- 
gations have proved that they include a great 
variety of beings: some of them belonging to the 
type of Mollusks; others to the type of Articu- 
lates, being in fact little shrimps; while many 
others are the locomotive germs of plants, and so 
far from forming a class by themselves, as a dis- 
tinct group in the Animal Kingdom, they seem 
to comprise not only representatives of all types, 
except Vertebrates, but to belong also in part to 
the Vegetable Kingdom. 
Siebold, Leuckart, and other modern zodlo- 
gists, have considered them as a primary type, 
and called them Protozoa; but this is as ereat a 
mistake as the other. The rotatory motion in 
them all is produced by an apparatus that exists 
not only in all animals, but in plants also, and is 
hf most important agent in sustaining the fresh 
