108 MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



head small, flattened above ; snout sharp ; 

 mouth small, transverse ; jaws protractile ; 

 generation viviparous. (Cyprinodontes, Ag.) 

 9. Family. — Carps (Cyprinidae). Body compress- 

 ed, covered withs cales, which are generally 

 large ; fins naked ; mouth small ; jaws weak, 

 without teeth ; strong teeth on pharynx ; 

 tongue smooth ; dorsal single, generally in 

 centre of back. 



10. Family. — Small-mouthed Pikes (Mormyridse). 



Body compressed, oblong, scaly ; muzzle pro- 

 duced ; mouth terminal, vertical ; teeth small, 

 slender ; branchial aperture resembling a spi- 

 racle. 



11. Family. — Pikes (Esocidse). Body compressed, 



scaly ; dorsal fin single, close to end of tail ; 

 mouth large ; teeth numerous, acute ; very 

 voracious. 



12. Family. — Galaxies (Galaxiatidse). Scales obso- 



lete; mouth small, slightly cleft; pointed teeth 

 on palatines and jaws, strong hooked teeth 

 on tongue ; dorsal, and anal fins opposite. 



13. Family. — Deep -bodied Salmons (Myletidse). 



Depth of body as much, or more than half the 

 length; head small; snout blunt; upper jaw 

 small, strongly angulated in some ; sharp, 

 triangular cutting teeth on lower jaw larger 

 than those of upper ; belly in some sharp 

 and serrated. 

 14 Family. — Wide-mouthed Salmons (Scopelidae). 

 Snout short ; mouth deeply cleft ; teeth 



