188 MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



34 Family. — Stag-Baetles (Lucanidae). Antennae 

 strongly elbowed, with the club pectinated ; 

 mandibles (especially in the male) very large ; 

 body oblong, oval, depressed ; elytra entirely 

 covering the abdomen; legs elongate, claws 

 large, with a bifid process between them. 



35. Family. — Sacred-Beetles (Scarabaeidae). An- 



tennae 8 or 9-jointed ; labrum, mandibles, and 

 maxillae membranaceous ; club of antennae 

 large, 3-leaved ; clypeus large, advanced, 

 notched in front ; body broad, depressed ; 

 scutellum concealed ; legs stout, the hinder 

 remote ; tibiae broad, dentate ; claws small. 

 Terrestrial. Living on excrementitious matter. 



36. Family.- — Shard-Beetles (Geotrupidae). Anten- 



nae 10 or 11 -jointed; mandibles porrect, 

 horny, exposed ; club of antennae large, glo- 

 bose ; body short, thick, convex, elytra en- 

 tirely covering the abdomen ; legs very stout ; 

 tibiae broad, spinose at tip, dentate; tarsi 

 long and slender. Terrestrial. Living on ex- 

 crementitious matter. 



37. 'Family.— Sand-Beetles (Trogidae). Mandibles 



horny, stout, exposed, acute at tip ; club of 

 antennae transverse ; body ovate, gibbose ; 

 elytra infiexed at the sides ; legs short, stout ; 

 tibiae compressed. Terrestrial* Living in the 

 sand on excrementitious matter. 



38. Family. — Bung-Beetles (Aphodiidae). Antennae 



8 or 9-jointed; labrum, mandibles, and max- 

 illae membranous, concealed; club of antennae 



