404 MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



fruit an achaenium; seed solitary, erect, 

 exalbuminous. One of the largest of the 

 natural families of plants ; divided by De 

 Candolle into 1 Tubuliflorce, 2 Labiatiflorce, 

 and 3 Ligulifiorce ; arrayed by Jussieu into 

 the following Sub-families, viz. : — 



1. Cynarocephalce. Florets all tubular; invo- 



lucre hard, conical, often spiny, 



2. Corymbiferce. Florets tubular in the centre, 



ligulate in the circumference ; involucre 

 hemispherical, leafy or scaly, seldom spiny. 



3. Gichoracece. Florets all ligulate. 



To which has been subsequently added, — 



4. Bilabiatce. Florets divided into two lips. 

 Of these, the first two correspond to the Tubuli- 



florce, the third to the Ligulifiorce, and the fourth 

 to the Labiatifiorce. The distribution of composite 

 plants is very general, but does not follow any very 

 fixed law ; in northern climates they are shrubs, 

 but in warmer regions they are herbaceous, or even 

 arborescent. Cichoracece are more abundant in cold 

 climes, while Corymbiferce prefer warm countries ; 

 the Bilabiatce are mostly American. Among the 

 plants, &c, employed by man from this family are 

 Wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium), Southern- 

 wood (A. Abrotanum), Moxa (A. Moxa), Tansy 

 (Tanacetum vulgar e), Milfoil (Achillea millefolia). 

 Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis), Feverfew (Pyreth- 

 rum parthenium), Pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus 

 Pyrethrum), LeopardVBane (Arnica montana), 

 Elecampane (Inula Helenium), Jerusalem- Artichoke 



