410 MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



rugose, exstipulate ; flowers showy, in ra- 

 cemes or panicles ; corolla tubular, irregular ; 

 aestivation imbricate ; stamens 2-4 ; ovary 

 partly free ; placentae parietal ; fruit capsular 

 or baccate, 1 -celled ; seeds very numerous ; 

 cotyledons minute, radicle long. Occur in 

 tropical countries, but also in Europe, at the 

 Cape of Good Hope, in New Holland, and 

 the Sandwich Islands. 

 7. Family. — Pedaliads (Ped&lmce^). Herbs, covered 

 with glandular hairs ; leaves opposite or 

 alternate, exstipulate ; flowers usually large, 

 axillary, solitary or clustered; corolla ir- 

 regular, aestivation valvate ; stamens didyna- 

 mous; ovary 1 -celled; placentae parietal; 

 fruit drupaceous or capsular ; seeds wingless, 

 exalbuminous ; embryo amygdaloid ; radicle 

 short. Distribution general throughout the 

 tropics, but especially in Africa. 



II. ORDER— Echials (Echiales). 



Flowers dichlamydeous, monopetalous, symme- 

 trical or non-symmetrical ; fruit nucamentaceous, 

 consisting of 1 -seeded nuts, or of clusters of them 

 separate or separable ; embryo large, with little or 

 no albumen. 



I. SUB-ORDER. — Unsymmeteical-Echials (Lamianse). 



Flowers irregular, unsymmetrical. 

 1. Family. — Selagids (Selaginaceae). Herbs or 

 small branched shrubs ; leaves alternate, 



