MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 413 



6. Family. — Borages (Boraginacese). Herbs or 



shrubs; stems round; leaves alternate, rough, 

 exstipulate ; flowers usually in gyrate cymes ; 

 aestivation imbricate ; stamens five ; ovary 

 usually 4-lobed ; ovules four ; stigma naked, 

 simple or bifid ; fruit 2 or 4 distinct nuts ; 

 radicle superior. Natives of northern tem- 

 perate regions. Alkanet, the root of Anchusa 

 tinctoria, is used by dyers. 



7. Family. — Nolanads (Nolanaceae). Herbaceous or 



suffruticose, prostrate or erect ; leaves alter- 

 nate, exstipulate ; inflorescence straight ; 

 flowers usually showj^ ; calyx 5 -parted, 

 aestivation valvate ; corolla with aestivation 

 plicate ; stamens five ; stigma naked, some- 

 what capitate ; fruit five or more nuts, distinct 

 or partly confluent ; pericarp woody, often a 

 little succulent ; embryo curved. A small 

 family, almost entirely Chilian. 



8. Family. — Ehretiads (Ehretiaceae). Trees, shrubs, 



or herbs ; pubescence harsh ; leaves alternate, 

 exstipulate ; flowers gyrate ; aestivation im- 

 bricated ; stamens five ; ovary quadrilocular, 

 concrete ; style terminal ; fruit drupaceous ; 

 seeds usually albuminous. Occur principally 

 in South America. 



9. Family. — Heliotropes (Heliotropiaceae). Trees, 



shrubs, or herbs ; leaves alternate, simple, ex- 

 stipulate ; inflorescence circinnate ; stamens 

 five ; stigma naked ; style terminal ; ovary 

 entire or 2-lobed ; fruit dry, separable into 



