440 MANUAL OF NATUKAL HISTOKY. 



of Good Hope and in South America, also 

 in Australia. 



3. Family. — Knotworts (Paronychiaceae). Herbs 



or under-shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate, 

 stipules, when present, scarious; flowers 

 minute, symmetrical, with scarious bracts ; 

 sepals 3-5 ; petals minute or ; stamens 

 generally opposite sepals ; ovary usually 

 1 -celled ; styles 2-5 ; ovules amphitropal ; 

 fruit small, dry, 1-, rarely 3-celled, indehiscent 

 or opening by three valves. Principally 

 found in Southern Europe and Northern 

 Africa, also in Mexico and at the Cape of 

 Good Hope. (Illecebracece, Lindley.) 



4. Family. — Pinks (Dianthacese). Mostly herba- 



ceous ; stems tumid at the articulations ; 

 leaves opposite, exstipulate, often connate; 

 inflorescence usually cymose ; flowers bi- 

 sexual, symmetrical ; sepals 4-5, persistent ; 

 petals 4-5, unguiculate, or 0; stamens equal 

 to, or double the number of, the petals; 

 ovary of two to five carpels ; stigmas 2-5, 

 sessile; ovules amphitropal: fruit capsular, 

 2-5-valved, 1- or 2-5-celled. Occupy moun- 

 tainous and waste regions in temperate and 

 cold countries. (Caryophyllew, Juss.) 



IV. OKDEK. — Geranials (Geraniales). 



Flowers monodichlamydeous, symmetrical ; calyx 

 imbricated ; corolla twisted ; stamens definite ; 

 placentae axile ; embryo with little or no albumen. 



