MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 449 



rounded by a disk or scales ; style and stigma 

 one ; fruit capsular or baccate, multilocular ; 

 placentae central. Abound at the Cape of 

 Good Hope, but occur also in Europe, North 

 and South America, Asia, and in the High- 

 lands of Java. Some afford an edible fruit, 

 as the Bear-berry. Among the genera are 

 Erica, Calluna, Menziesia, and Rhododen- 

 dron. 



2. Family. — Fir-Rapes (Monotropaceae). Parasitic 



on the roots of Pines and other trees ; stems 

 brown or colourless, with scales instead of 

 leaves ; flowers in terminal spikes or racemes ; 

 sepals 4-5; petals 4-5, or monopetalous ; 

 stamens 8-10 ; anthers 2-celled, often dehis- 

 cing longitudinally; ovary 4-5-furrowed ; 

 style short, cylindrical ; stigma succulent, 

 funnel-shaped ; fruit capsular, dry ; seeds 0, 

 loose-skinned or winged. Found in cool 

 places in Europe, Asia, and North America. 



3. Family. — Francoads (Francoacese). Herbaceous, 



stemless ; leaves lobed or pinnate, exstipu- 

 late ; inflorescence racemose ; calyx deeply 

 4-cleft ; petals four, sub-persistent ; stamens 

 free, four times as many as the petals, alter- 

 nately rudimentary ; ovary 4-celled ; stigma 

 sessile, 4-lobed ; fruit capsular, membranous, 

 4-valved. Natives of Chili. 



4. Family. — Winter-greens (Pyrolacese). Mostly 



herbaceous ; flowers terminal and racemose, 

 or solitary ; sepals five, persistent ; corolla 



