472 MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



aestivation convolute ; stamens definite and 

 fertile, or indefinite, partly fertile and partly 

 petaloid ; anthers extrorse ; ovary 1 -celled ; 

 ovules anatropal ; placentae parietal ; style 

 terminal ; stigma simple ; fruit capsular, 3- 

 valved; albumen fleshy. Natives of South 

 America and the West Indies. 



4. Family. — Tamarisks (Tamaricaceae). Shrubs or 



herbs ; leaves alternate, scale-like ; flowers 

 racemose or spiked ; calyx 4-5-partite ; petals 

 4-5 ; aestivation imbricate ; stamens equal to, 

 or twice as many as, the petals, distinct or 

 monadelphous ; anthers introrse; ovary 1- 

 celled ; styles three ; ovules anatropal ; fruit 

 capsular, 3-valved, 1 -celled ; seeds numerous, 

 comose : albumen none. Peculiar to the 

 Eastern half of the Northern Hemisphere. 

 Mount Sinai manna is obtained from Tama- 

 rix mannifera. 



5. Family. — Frankeniads (Frankeniaceae). Herbs 



or under-shrubs ; leaves opposite, exstipulate ; 

 flowers sessile, terminal ; sepals 4-5, cohering 

 into a furrowed tube; petals 4-5, alternate; 

 stamens usually equal to, and alternate with, 

 petals ; anthers versatile ; ovary 1 -celled ; 

 ovules anatropal ; placentae parietal ; style 

 filiform; fruit capsular, 1-celled, 2-3-4-valved; 

 seeds numerous ; albumen fleshy. Natives pf 

 Southern Europe and Northern Africa, also 

 of the Cape of Good Hope and Australia. 



6. Family. — Violets (Violaceae). Herbs or shrubs; 



