480 MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



in the females with scales ; stamens 0, but 

 fewer in the female ; anthers 2-celled, with 

 valvular dehiscence ; ovaries usually ; 

 ovule erect ; style and stigmas simple ; fruit 

 consisting of achsenia, enclosed within tube 

 of perianth ; seed erect ; embryo minute. 

 Natives of Australia and of Chili. 

 6. Family. — Monimiads (Monimiaceae). Trees or 

 shrubs, aromatic ; leaves opposite, exstipu- 

 late ; flowers axillary ; perianth somewhat 

 globose, divided at the border ; stamens 0, 

 perigynous ; anthers with longitudinal de- 

 hiscence ; ovaries several, 1 -celled ; ovule 

 anatropal ; fruit of several 1-seeded achsenia, 

 enclosed within the enlarged perianth ; seed 

 pendulous ; embryo minute, external to the 

 albumen. Mostly occur in South American 

 forests, a few also in Madagascar, the Mau- 

 ritius, Java, Australia, and New Zealand. 



TV. ORDER. — Gajrryals (Garryales). 



Flowers monochlamydeous, sometimes amenta- 

 ceous ; fruit inferior ; embryo minute, in a large 

 quantity of albumen. 



1. Family. — Helwingiads (Helwingiacese). Shrub- 

 by ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; flowers fasci- 

 cled; perianth 3-4-partite, segments deciduous 

 in the female ; aestivation valvate ; stamens 

 3-4, alternate ; anthers introrse ; ovary 3-4- 

 celled ; ovules anatropal ; style very short ; 

 .stigmas 3-4, subulate ; fruit drupaceous, 3-4- 



