488 MANUAL OF NATUKAL HISTORY. 



filiform ; stigma simple ; fruit a 1 -celled in- 

 dehiscent nut, terminated by the hardened 

 style ; embryo exalbuminous ; plumule large, 

 many-leaved ; radicle inferior. Live in ditches 

 in Europe, North America, Northern Asia, 

 India, Barbary, and Senegal. 



6. Family. —Elms (Ulmacese). Trees or shrubs ; 



juice watery ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; 

 flowers in loose clusters, frequently unisexual; 

 perianth inferior, membranous, imbricated, 

 irregular ; stamens definite ; filaments erect 

 in aestivation ; ovary superior or 2-celled ; 

 ovules pendulous, anatropal, or amphitropal ; 

 stigmas two ; fruit l~2-celled, membranous 

 or drupaceous ; albumen scanty or ; coty- 

 ledons foliaceous ; radicle superior. Inhabit 

 northern and mountainous parts of Europe, 

 Asia, and America. The principal genus is 

 that of the elms. 



7. Family. — Nettles (Urticacese). Trees, shrubs, or 



herbs ; juice watery ; leaves alternate, sti- 

 pulate, rough, often with stinging hairs ; 

 flowers herbaceous, inconspicuous, scattered, 

 or clustered, or in cations, or close heads ; 

 perianth membranous, lobed ; stamens defi- 

 nite, distinct, opposite ; filaments elastic, 

 curved in aestivation ; ovary simple ; ovule 

 solitary, erect ; stigma simple ; fruit an in- 

 dehiscent nut ; embryo straight, albuminous ; 

 radicle superior. Widely distributed, many 

 following in the footsteps of man. Remark- 



