686 MANUAL OF NATUEAL HISTORY. 



small filtering funnel; 13, filtering-paper; 14, a mouth blow-pipe ; 

 15, a spirit lamp and wick ; 16, density-beads; 17, charcoal, for sup- 

 porting ores before the blow-pipe ; 18, pieces of copper and iron- 

 wire. 



II. — Chemical- Agents. 



1, Carbonate of soda, as a flux; 2, biborate of soda (borax), as a 

 flux; 3, phosphate of soda and ammonia (microcosmic salt), as a 

 flux; 4, nitrate of potassa (saltpetre), as an oxidizing agent; 5, 

 borax-glass, for the determination of phosphoric acid; 6, solution of 

 nitrate of cobalt, to distinguish alumina, magnesia, and oxide of 

 zinc ; 7, oxide of copper, for determining small quantities of chlo- 

 rine ; 8, fluoride of calcium (fluor-spar), to recognise lithia and bo- 

 racic acid ; 9, metallic lead ; and 10, bone-ashes, for separating silver 

 from some of its ores; 11, sulphuric acid, as a solvent for detecting 

 baryta, strontia, and lead, &c. ; 12, nitric acid, as a solvent, and an 

 oxidizing agent; 13, hydrochloric (muriatic) acid, as a solvent, for 

 detecting oxides of lead and silver, protoxide of mercury, free am- 

 monia, &c. ; 14, ammonia, as an alkaline agent, and a solvent; 15, 

 solution of sulphuret of ammonium (hydrosulphuret of ammonia), 

 for distinguishing various solutions by precipitation ; 16, solution of 

 nitrate of baryta, to detect sulphates; 17, solution of oxalate of am- 

 monia, to detect calcia (lime) ; 18, solution of nitrate of silver, to 

 distinguish chlorides; 16, solution of calcia (lime-water), to precipi- 

 tate carbonates ; 20, solution of ferrocyanide of potassium, to detect 

 oxide of copper and peroxide of iron; 21, solution of acetate of lead, 

 to distinguish hydrosulphuric acid (sulphuretted-hydrogen) ; 22, 

 alcohol; 23, test-papers, blue and red litmus, or turmeric and 

 Georgina papers. 



These substances should all be kept in bottles, of 

 which those containing fluids, or substances acted 

 on by exposure, should have glass stoppers ; and 

 those with acids or caustic alkalies should likewise 

 be capped. Phials of from one to two ounces 

 will supply abundant materials for numerous minia- 

 ture analyses. This list comprises every thing re- 



